1.中国科学院 山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 中国科学院水利部;成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 四川 成都 610041
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
李雪琴(1997—),女(汉族),四川省德阳市人,博士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持。Email:lixueqin@imde.ac.cn。
刘刚才(1967—),男(汉族),四川省资阳市人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持、土壤生态与健康保育方面的研究。Email:liugc@imde.ac.cn。
收稿:2025-05-06,
修回:2025-07-17,
纸质出版:2025-12-10
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李雪琴, 孙小林, 李春培, 等.模拟酸雨对石灰性紫色土盐基离子和钼离子淋失的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):1-11.
Li Xueqin, Sun Xiaolin, Li Chunpei, et al. Effects of simulated acid rain on leaching loss of base ions and molybdate ions in calcareous purple soil [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):1-11.
李雪琴, 孙小林, 李春培, 等.模拟酸雨对石灰性紫色土盐基离子和钼离子淋失的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):1-11. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.005. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.005.
Li Xueqin, Sun Xiaolin, Li Chunpei, et al. Effects of simulated acid rain on leaching loss of base ions and molybdate ions in calcareous purple soil [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):1-11. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.005. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.005.
目的
2
研究酸雨对紫色土的盐基离子及钼淋失的影响,为酸沉降背景下紫色土的肥力变化、养分管理等提供科学依据。
方法
2
以侏罗纪蓬莱镇组(J
3
p)母质发育的石灰性紫色土为研究对象,设置5个淋溶液处理模拟酸雨,其pH值分别为2.5(T
1
),3.5(T
2
),4.5(T
3
),5.6(T
4
)和7.0(去离子水,CK)。
结果
2
①淋出液pH值均呈快速下降—渐趋稳定的趋势,前期T
1
,T
2
,T
3
,T
4
和CK的淋出液pH值降幅分别为6.17%,8.05%,3.75%,3.70%和2.01%;后期稳定于第10次淋出液pH值的±0.2范围内。模拟2 a的酸雨淋溶后,T
1
,T
2
,T
3
和T
4
的淋出液pH值降低0.22,0.39,0.32,0.29;土壤pH值较CK降低0.67,0.62,0.56,0.46。 ②淋出液的盐基离子含量随淋溶次数的增加波动下降,且淋出液总量随淋溶液pH值的升高而降低。K
+
淋出总量表现为:T
1
>
T
3
>
T
2
>
T
4
>
CK;Na
+
淋出总量表现为:T
1
>
CK
>
T
2
,T
3
,T
4
;Ca
2+
淋出总量表现为:T
1
>
T
2
,T
3
>
T
4
>
CK;Mg
2+
淋出总量表现为:T
1
>
T
3
>
T
4
>
CK,T
2
。盐基离子淋失量表现为:Ca
2+
>
Mg
2+
>
Na
+
>
K
+
。 ③淋出液Mo
4+
含量呈波动下降趋势,淋出总量大致随pH值的升高而增加,表现为:CK(59.22 μg)
>
T
4
(56.11 μg)
>
T
3
(52.42 μg)
>
T
1
(41.03 μg)
>
T
2
(39.56 μg)。Mo
4+
与pH值呈正相关关系,与K
+
和Ca
2+
呈负相关关系。 ④盐基离子与Mo
4+
淋失量之间协同变化,随Mo
4+
淋失量的增加,盐基离子先增加后下降。K
+
,Na
+
,Ca
2+
,Mg
2+
淋失总量分别在Mo
4+
淋失总量为46.11,46.11,44.51,46.11 μg时达到峰值。
结论
2
模拟酸雨T
1
处理(pH=2.5)的盐基离子淋失量最大,而钼淋失量最小;盐基离子和微量元素钼在酸雨T
3
处理(pH=4.5)的淋失量均处于较高水平,养分流失较为严重。
Objective
2
The effects of acid rain on the leaching loss of base ions and molybdate ions in purple soil were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for understanding fertility changes and nutrient management in purple soil under acid deposition conditions.
Methods
2
Taking the calcareous purple soil developed from the parent material of the Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation (J
3
p) as the research object, five leaching solution treatments were established to simulate acid rain with pH values of 2.5 (T
1
), 3.5 (T
2
), 4.5 (T
3
), 5.6 (T
4
), and 7.0 (deionized water, CK).
Results
2
① The pH value of the leachate showed a trend of rapid decline followed by gradual stabilization. In the early stage, the pH value of the leachate decreased by 6.17%, 8.05%, 3.75%, 3.70%, and 2.01% for T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, T
4
, and CK, respectively. In the later stage, it stabilized within a range of ±0.2 of the pH value of the 10th leachate. After two years of simulated acid rain leaching, the pH value of the leachate in T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, and T
4
decreased by 0.22, 0.39, 0.32, and 0.29, respectively. Compared with the CK, the soil pH value decreased by 0.67, 0.62, 0.56, and 0.46, respectively. ② The contents of base ions in the leachate exhibited a fluctuating decline with increasing leaching cycles, and the total leaching amounts generally decreased as the pH value of the leaching solution increased. The total leaching amounts of K
+
followed the order: T
1
>
T
3
>
T
2
>
T
4
>
CK. The total leaching amounts of Na
+
followed the order: T
1
>
CK
>
T
2
, T
3
, T
4
. The total leaching amounts of Ca
2+
followed the order: T
1
>
T
2
, T
3
>
T
4
>
CK. The total leaching amounts of Mg
2+
followed the order: T
1
>
T
3
>
T
4
>
CK, T
2
. The total leaching loss amounts of base ions were in the order: Ca
2+
>
Mg
2+
>
Na
+
>
K
+
. ③ The Mo
4+
content in the leachate showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, and the total leaching amount generally increased with increasing pH value, following the order: CK (59.22 μg)
>
T
4
(56.11 μg)
>
T
3
(52.42 μg)
>
T
1
(41.03 μg)
>
T
2
(39.56 μg). Mo
4+
was positively correlated with pH value and negatively correlated with K
+
and Ca
2+
. ④ A synergistic relationship was observed between the leaching loss amounts of base ions and Mo
4+
. As the leaching loss of Mo
4+
increased, base ions first increased and then decreased. The total leaching loss amounts of K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
, and Mg
2+
reached their peaks when the total leaching loss of Mo
4+
reached 46.11, 46.11, 44.51 μg, and 46.11 μg, respectively.
Conclusion
2
The T
1
treatment of simulated acid rain (pH = 2.5) results in the highest leaching loss of base ions but the lowest leaching loss of molybdenum. The leaching loss amounts of both base ions and the trace element molybdenum in the T
3
treatment (pH = 4.5) are at relatively high levels, indicating more severe nutrient loss.
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