1.中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 四川 成都 610299
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
杨飞(1998—),男(汉族),甘肃省陇南市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为村镇泥石流防灾减灾。Email:yangfei@imde.ac.cn。
陈剑刚(1982—),男(汉族),河北省邢台市人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师,主要从事泥石流灾害防治研究。Email:chenjg@imde.ac.cn。
收稿:2025-04-01,
修回:2025-05-07,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
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杨飞, 陈剑刚, 王辰元, 等.泥石流拦砂坝对村镇建筑的减灾效果评价[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):143-152.
Yang Fei, Chen Jiangang, Wang Chenyuan, et al. Disaster reduction effects evaluation of debris-flow check dam on village buildings [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):143-152.
杨飞, 陈剑刚, 王辰元, 等.泥石流拦砂坝对村镇建筑的减灾效果评价[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):143-152. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.030. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.04.030..
Yang Fei, Chen Jiangang, Wang Chenyuan, et al. Disaster reduction effects evaluation of debris-flow check dam on village buildings [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):143-152. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.030. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.04.030..
目的
2
研究不同降雨频率下泥石流拦砂坝对下游村镇建筑的减灾效果,为山区村镇的防灾减灾提供参考。
方法
2
对“7 · 12”四川省平武县黑水沟泥石流灾害进行现场调查。基于砌体墙体在泥石流作用下的极限承载力,通过静力平衡方法提出了砖砌体结构墙体发生弯曲破坏、剪切破坏的泥石流临界流速公式,采用FLO-2 D模拟了黑水沟在有无拦砂坝条件下,不同降雨频率的泥石流运动过程和堆积范围。
结果
2
①泥石流的冲出规模、堆积深度和流速与降雨频率密切相关,与野外调查数据相比,模拟精度达85%。 ②墙体在泥石流浆体整体冲压下发生弯曲破坏,在大石块冲击下发生剪切破坏。 ③无拦砂坝措施下降雨频率
p
=1%时,泥石流堆积面积为9.36×10
4
m
2
,建筑区最大流速为7.19 m/s,建筑区最大泥深为5.25 m;降雨频率
p
=2%时,泥石流堆积面积为5.63×10
4
m
2
,建筑区最大流速为5.63 m/s,建筑区最大泥深为4.46 m。 ④修建拦砂坝后,降雨频率
p
=2%时泥石流不会冲出沟口,堆积面积减了82.6%,降雨频率
p
=1%时泥石流堆积面积和建筑区最大流速分别减小了38.4%和60.6%。
结论
2
防治工程可有效减少灾害规模,避免建筑遭受冲击破坏,但是仍需在汛期加强监测预警。
Objective
2
The disaster reduction effects of the debris-flow check dam on downstream structures under varying rainfall frequencies were investigated to offer guidance for disaster prevention and mitigation in villages and towns.
Methods
2
First, a field investigation of the ‘7 · 12’ Heishui gully debris-flow event in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province, China, was conducted. Second, based on the ultimate bearing capacity of masonry walls under debris flow impact, critical velocity formulas for bending failure and shear failure of brick masonry walls were proposed using static equilibrium methods. Finally, the debris-flow movement process and deposition extent in Heishui gully, both with and without the check dam and under varying rainfall frequencies, were simulated using FLO-2 D.
Results
2
① The scale of debris-flow discharge, sediment deposition depth and flow velocity were intricately linked to the frequency of rainfall,
with a simulation accuracy of 85% in comparison to the field investigation data. ② The wall suffered bending damage due to the overall pressure of debris-flow slurry and shear damage from the impact of large boulders. ③ In the absence of a check dam and at a rainfall frequency of 1%, the debris-flow deposition area was 9.36×10
4
m
2
, the maximum flow velocity in the construction zone reached 7.19 m/s, and the maximum debris-flow depth in the construction zone was 5.25 m. At a rainfall frequency of 2%, the debris-flow deposition area was 5.63×10
4
m
2
, the maximum flow velocity in the construction zone reached 5.63 m/s, and the maximum mud depth in the construction zone was 4.46 m. ④ After the check dam was constructed, the debris flow did not reach the outlet under the 2% rainfall frequency, resulting in an 82.6% reduction in the deposition area. Under the 1% rainfall frequency, the debris-flow deposition area and maximum flow velocity in the construction zone were diminished by 38.4% and 60.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
2
Prevention and control measures can significantly reduce the magnitude of disasters and prevent buildings from being damaged. However, monitoring and early warning systems require enhancement throughout the rainy season.
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