1.广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心, 广西 南宁 530028
2.广西大学 林学院 广西森林生态与保育重点实验室, 广西 南宁 530004
莫仁斌(1987—),男(壮族),广西壮族自治区来宾市人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事土地整治与生态修复。Email:170087736@qq.com。
收稿:2024-11-30,
修回:2025-01-28,
纸质出版:2025-06-10
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莫仁斌, 段向锋, 莫桂柏, 等.基于无人机摄影测量的平陆运河弃土场水土流失综合防控研究[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):119-128.
Mo Renbin, Duan Xiangfeng, Mo Guibai, et al. Comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss in Pinglu Canal spoil ground based on UAV photography measurement [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):119-128.
莫仁斌, 段向锋, 莫桂柏, 等.基于无人机摄影测量的平陆运河弃土场水土流失综合防控研究[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):119-128. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.020. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.020..
Mo Renbin, Duan Xiangfeng, Mo Guibai, et al. Comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss in Pinglu Canal spoil ground based on UAV photography measurement [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):119-128. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.020. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.020..
目的
2
评估平陆运河的弃土场在不同时期的土壤侵蚀量,并模拟其水土流失倾向,探讨坡度与侵蚀强度关系,为运河类线性工程弃土场水土流失综合防控提供科学参考。
方法
2
以广西平陆运河的4个弃土场为例,利用无人机低空正摄技术获取弃土场不同时期的高分辨率影像与地形数据;利用GIS技术分析弃土场的水土流失倾向;结合修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)对各侵蚀因子进行了量化和估算。
结果
2
①4个弃土场不同时期的土壤侵蚀模数的范围为1 977.55~5 748.96 t/(km
2
· a),其中侵蚀强度从轻度到强度侵蚀。 ②土壤侵蚀模数随着坡度的增大而增大,特别是在坡度为8°~25°的区域,土壤侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的76.8%~86.4%。 ③在丘间谷地型弃土场,涓流主要沿着边缘地势较高的区域流向低洼地带;在边坡型弃土场,涓流则集中在堆土区域的上坡部分,流向坡底。
结论
2
坡度对弃土场的土壤侵蚀有显著影响,8°~25°的坡度区域是水土流失防治的重点区域。对于丘间谷地型弃土场,削坡和布设外侧排水设施是有效防治措施;边坡型弃土场则应加强坡底排水和沉沙池的建设。此外,植被覆盖是防治水土流失的关键因子,尤其在水热条件良好的地区,植被覆盖对降低土壤侵蚀风险的作用更为显著。
Objective
2
The amount of soil erosion at the spoil ground of the Pinglu Canal linear project at different periods was evaluated, and the erosion tendency was simulated. The relationship between the slope and erosion intensity was explored to provide a scientific reference for soil erosion control in spoil grounds for canal project.
Methods
2
Four spoil grounds in the Pinglu Canal of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as examples. High-resolution photographic and topographic data of the spoil grounds during different periods were obtained using UAV low-altitude photography technology. The soil erosion tendency of the spoil grounds was analyzed using GIS technology. Erosion factors were quantified and estimated by combining with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE).
Results
2
① The soil erosion modulus of the four spoil grounds across different period points ranged from 1 977.55 to 5 748.96 t/(km² · a), with erosion intensity ranging from gentle to severe erosion. ② The soil erosion modulus increased with slope, especially in areas with slopes of 8° to 25°, where soil erosion accounted for 76.8% to 86.4% of the total erosion. ③ In the intermound valley spoil grounds, the trickle flow was mainly along the higher land areas at the edges of the lowland areas. In the sloped spoil grounds, trickle flows were concentrated in the upslope portions of the stockpile areas toward the bottom of the slopes.
Conclusion
2
This study shows that the slope was significant for soil erosion in spoil grounds, and a slope area of 8°—25° was the key area for soil erosion control. Cutting the slope and arranging external drainage facilities are effective control measures for intermound valley spoil grounds. For sloped spoil grounds, the construction of slope-bottom drainage and sand sedimentation ponds should be strengthened. In addition, vegetation cover is a key factor in the prevention soil erosion, especially in areas with favorable hydrothermal conditions where it was more effective in reducing the risk of soil erosion.
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