流域环境退化对山区铁路泥石流的影响机理研究

刘波

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.014

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流域环境退化对山区铁路泥石流的影响机理研究

试验研究

- 流域环境退化对山区铁路泥石流的影响机理研究
- Mechanism of watershed environmental degradation impacts on debris flows along mountainous railway
- 水土保持通报 2025年45卷第2期页码：124-135
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京,100081
  2. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司高速铁路轨道系统全国重点实验室,北京,100081
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国国家铁路集团有限公司重点课题“既有山区铁路线下基础设施防洪能力评价技术研究”(N203G072);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司青年专项“老旧山区铁路泥石流致灾机理与综合防控对策”(2024YJ246)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.014
  中图分类号： P642.2
- 网络首发：2025-05-16，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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刘波. 流域环境退化对山区铁路泥石流的影响机理研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2025,45(2):124-135.

Liu Bo. Mechanism of watershed environmental degradation impacts on debris flows along mountainous railway[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2025, 45(2): 124-135.
刘波. 流域环境退化对山区铁路泥石流的影响机理研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2025,45(2):124-135. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.014.

Liu Bo. Mechanism of watershed environmental degradation impacts on debris flows along mountainous railway[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2025, 45(2): 124-135. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.014.

摘要

[目的

]

深入评估广西百色市某泥石流成灾因子与致灾机理，为山区铁路泥石流灾害防治及风险预测提供科学依据。[方法

]

基于现场调查、历史遥感影像分析等方法，分析山区铁路泥石流的发育特征与致灾因子，采用理论计算法反演2024年4月19日(“4·19”)泥石流，获取不同工况下暴雨洪峰流量、泥石流峰值流量、冲出固体物质量等动力学参数。[结果

]

①该铁路泥石流为典型沟谷型泥石流，流域面积0.48 km

，主沟长度1.03 km，平均纵坡降319.42‰，相对高差329 m，沟内物源发育，物源类型主要包括沟道物源、坡面物源和溜坍物源。②此次降雨形成的暴雨洪峰流量为6.23 m

/s，在叠加各种环境退化因素后，形成的泥石流峰值流量可达23.16 m

/s，是暴雨洪峰流量的3.72倍，一次冲出固体物质1.93×10

，超出既有措施的拦截及排导能力。③近年来的林木砍伐、开挖便道、山林火灾和干旱气候等因素导致流域环境退化是导致该泥石流发生的主要原因。[结论

]

流域环境退化是导致该泥石流形成的核心原因，计算反演的不同工况下泥石流流量等动力学参数与实际情况吻合，可为防治工程设计提供理论依据。

Abstract

[Objective] A comprehensive evaluation of the causative factors and mechanisms of debris flows in Baise City

Guangxi

China was conducted

in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and risk prediction of railway debris flow disasters in mountainous areas. [Methods] Based on a field investigation

historical remote sensing image analysis

among other methods

the characteristics and disaster-causing factors of railway debris flow in mountainous areas were analyzed. The debris flow occured on April 19th

2024 (“4·19”)was theoretically calculated to obtain the dynamic parameters such as rainstorm peak discharge

debris flow peak discharge

and the quality of run-out solid materials under different working conditions. [Results] ① The railway debris in Baise City

Guangxi has a typical valley type flow

with a catchment area of 0.48 km2

a main gully length of 1.03 km

an average longitudinal slope of 319.42‰

a relative height difference of 329 m

and well-developed material sources in the gully

including channel

slope

and landslide material sources. ② The peak discharge of the rainstorm caused by the “4·19” rainfall was 6.23 m3/s. After the superposition of various environmental degradation factors

the peak discharge of the debris flow reached 23.16 m3/s

which was 3.72 times greater than the peak discharge of the rainstorm

and 1.934×104 m3 of solid materials move with this discharge at one time

which exceeds the interception and discharge capacity of existing measures. ③ In recent years

deforestation

excavation of access roads

forest fires

and arid climate have led to environmental degradation in the watershed

which are the main reasons for the occurrence of debris flow. [Conclusion] The environmental degradation is the core reason for the formation of debris flow in study area. The dynamic parameters such as the discharge of debris flow under different working conditions are consistent with the actual situation

which can provide a theoretical basis for the design of the prevention and control project.

关键词

Keywords

references

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