1.宁夏大学 农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
2.西安科技大学;地质与环境学院, 陕西 西安 710054
3.宁夏大学 生态环境学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
冯瑞(2000—),女(汉族),陕西省汉中市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀与碳循环。Email:17391376176@163.com。
刘晓君(1988—),女(汉族),山东省泰安市人,博士,副教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与养分流失研究。Email:liuxiaojun.lxj@163.com。
收稿:2025-07-15,
修回:2025-09-28,
纸质出版:2026-02-20
移动端阅览
冯瑞, 张祎, 刘晓君, 等.2024年宁夏极端暴雨事件引发的梯田侵蚀调查研究[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(1):181-190.
Feng Rui, Zhang Yi, Liu Xiaojun, et al. Investigation and study on terrace erosion caused by 2024 extreme rainstorm event in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(1):181-190.
冯瑞, 张祎, 刘晓君, 等.2024年宁夏极端暴雨事件引发的梯田侵蚀调查研究[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(1):181-190. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2026.01.015. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2026.01.015.
Feng Rui, Zhang Yi, Liu Xiaojun, et al. Investigation and study on terrace erosion caused by 2024 extreme rainstorm event in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(1):181-190. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2026.01.015. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2026.01.015.
目的
2
探究极端暴雨事件对宁夏回族自治区不同区域梯田侵蚀程度的影响及其发生机制,为梯田优化设计与水土保持建设提供科学依据。
方法
2
基于降水量空间异质性,沿宁南至宁北暴雨带建立调查样带。以受2024年宁夏大范围极端暴雨事件影响的9个小流域为对象,通过遥感解译、实地测量与田间调查,解析不同梯田侵蚀类型(沟蚀、坎坡崩塌等)的空间分异规律,定量评估梯田侵蚀量,探究侵蚀驱动因素(降雨强度、田坎坡度、田埂完好程度、地势因素)。
结果
2
调查区域内,梯田侵蚀类型以冲沟、崩塌、切沟为主。梯田侵蚀集中发生于整座坡面下部30%的梯田群;不同类型梯田因其设计标准、保存质量等不同,其侵蚀量也存在差异,老式及坡式梯田侵蚀较为严重。流域梯田侵蚀强度呈现区域分异,泾源县照明流域(7 080 t/km²)侵蚀强度最强,同心县(41.41 t/km²)最弱;同心县水井沟流域梯田保土量最高(3.48×10
4
t/km²)。
结论
2
梯田侵蚀受地形、水文、工程协同作用影响,其侵蚀强度与保土能力的空间分异受自然因子直接驱动与工程建设(田坎坡度、田埂修缮)间接调控。标准化田坎工程结合植被缓冲带可提升梯田抗蚀能力。
Objective
2
The extent and mechanisms of terrace erosion caused by an extreme rainstorm event across different regions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were analyzed, in order to provide a scientific basis for optimizing terrace design and enhancing soil and water conservation.
Methods
2
Based on the spatial heterogeneity of precipitation, a survey transect was established along the rainstorm belt from southern to northern Ningxia. Focusing on nine small watersheds affected by the large-scale extreme rainstorm event in Ningxia in 2024, remote sensing interpretation, field measurements, and on-site surveys were used to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of different terrace erosion types (such as gully erosion and embankment collapse). Erosion volume was quantitatively assessed, and driving factors of erosion (rainfall intensity, terrace-ridge gradient, ridge integrity, and topographic factors) were explored.
Results
2
In the study area, the dominant terrace erosion types were gully erosion, collapse, and rill erosion. Terrace erosion was concentrated within the terrace sequences located on the lower 30% of the entire slopes. Erosion volume varied among terrace types due to differences in design standards and maintenance quality, with older and slope-style terraces experiencing more severe erosion. Terrace erosion intensity showed distinct regional variations across the watersheds, with the Zhaoming watershed in Jingyuan County showing the highest erosion intensity (7 080 t/km²) and Tongxin County the lowest (41.41 t/km²). The Shuijinggou watershed in Tongxin County had the highest soil conservation capacity (3.48×10⁴ t/km²).
Conclusion
2
Terrace erosion is influenced by the combined effects of topography, hydrology, and engineering practices. The spatial variation in erosion intensity and soil conservation capacity is directly driven by natural factors and indirectly modulated by engineering practices (e.g., terrace-ridge gradient, ridge maintenance). Standardized ridge engineering combined with vegetative buffer strips can enhance the erosion resistance of terraces.
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