北京林业大学 水土保持学院, 北京 100083
马小东(2000—),男(汉族),安徽省利辛县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为矿山生态修复。Email:maxiaodongbjfu@163.com。
贺康宁(1962—),男(汉族),陕西省蓝田县人,博士,教授,主要从事水土保持与生态修复方面研究。Email:hkn@bjfu.edu.cn。
收稿:2025-06-26,
修回:2025-07-21,
纸质出版:2025-12-10
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马小东, 李川, 邹星晨, 等.生物炭和聚丙烯酸钾对高寒矿区煤矸石水分特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):77-86.
Ma Xiaodong, Li Chuan, Zou Xingchen, et al. Effects of biochar and potassium polyacrylate on water characteristics of coal gangue in alpine mining area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):77-86.
马小东, 李川, 邹星晨, 等.生物炭和聚丙烯酸钾对高寒矿区煤矸石水分特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):77-86. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.007. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.007.
Ma Xiaodong, Li Chuan, Zou Xingchen, et al. Effects of biochar and potassium polyacrylate on water characteristics of coal gangue in alpine mining area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):77-86. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.007. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.007.
目的
2
探究生物炭与聚丙烯酸钾协同改良对高寒矿区煤矸石水分特性的影响机制,旨在提升其持水保墒及抑制水分蒸发的能力。
方法
2
采用室内土柱模拟试验,设置不同质量分数生物炭(1.1%,4.3%)与聚丙烯酸钾(0.12%,0.22%,0.32%)添加量组合(共6种处理)及对照(CK)。运用一维定水头垂直入渗法、连续称重法及环刀法测定煤矸石基质的入渗特性、蒸发过程及关键持水参数(饱和含水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量)。
结果
2
各处理饱和含水量较CK提高7.88%~33.35%;聚丙烯酸钾添加量极显著抑制湿润锋运移距离、初始入渗速率、平均入渗速率和累积入渗量(
p
<
0.01),生物炭的多级孔隙吸附与聚丙烯酸钾溶胀增阻效应共同形成“缓入渗—强持水”模式,有效抑制水分快速下渗并提升根区水分(如冻融水)捕获储存效率;Kostiakov模型能高精度表征改良基质入渗规律(
R²
>
0.916,RMSE
<
0.159)。高添加量处理(如B
4
P
3
)抑制蒸发效果显著,累积蒸发损失率较CK最大降低19.88%,并维持更高剩余含水量。在容重1.41 g/cm³条件下,综合持水特性、入渗特性及蒸发抑制性能等指标,煤矸石基质改良的最优配比为B
4
P
3
处理组,其生物炭质量分数为4.30%,聚丙烯酸钾质量分数为0.32%。
结论
2
B
4
P
3
处理显著增强高寒矿区煤矸石持水能力及抑制蒸发能力,Kostiakov模型对各处理组的水分入渗过程展现出最佳拟合效果。
Objective
2
The influencing mechanisms of synergistic improvement by biochar and potassium polyacrylate on the water characteristics of coal gangue in alpine mining areas were investigated, in order to enhance its water-holding and moisture conservation capacity and inhibit water loss via evaporation.
Methods
2
A laboratory soil column simulation experiment was conducted with different mass fractions of biochar (1.1%, 4.3%) and potassium polyacrylate (0.12%, 0.22%, 0.32%) in combined application (six treatments in total), along with a control (CK). The one-dimensional constant-head vertical infiltration method, continuous weighing method, and cutting-ring method were employed to determine the infiltration characteristics, evaporation process, and key water-holding parameters (saturated water content, capillary water-holding capacity, and field capacity) of the coal gangue matrix.
Results
2
The saturated water content of all treatments increased by 7.88% to 33.35% compared with CK. The addition of potassium polyacrylate significantly inhibited the transport distance of the wetting front, initial infiltration rate, average infiltration rate, and cumulative infiltration volume (
p<
0.01). The multi-level pore adsorption of biochar, combined with the swelling and resistance-enhancing effect of potassium polyacrylate, jointly formed a ‘slow infiltration-strong water retention’ mode. This mode effectively inhibited rapid water infiltration and enhanced the capture and storage efficiency of water (e.g., freeze-thaw water) in the root zone. The Kostiakov model could accurately characterize the infiltration patterns of the amended matrix (
R²
>
0.916, RMSE
<
0.159). Treatments with high amendment rates (e.g., B
4
P
3
) showed significant evaporation inhibition effectiveness, achieving a maximum reduction of 19.88% in cumulative evaporati
on loss rate compared to CK, while maintaining higher residual water content. Under a bulk density of 1.41 g/cm
3
, considering water-holding characteristics, infiltration characteristics, and evaporation inhibition performance, the optimal amendment ratio of the coal gangue matrix was achieved in the B
4
P
3
treatment group, with a biochar mass fraction of 4.3% and a potassium polyacrylate mass fraction of 0.32%.
Conclusion
2
The B
4
P
3
treatment significantly enhances the water-holding capacity and evaporation inhibition ability of coal gangue in alpine mining areas. The Kostiakov model demonstrates the best fit for the water infiltration process across all treatment groups.
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