1.西南林业大学 水土保持学院,云南 昆明 650000
2.云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南 元谋 651300
3.云南省水土流失防治与绿色发展重点实验室, 云南 元谋 651300
4.云南元谋;金雷国家水土保持科技示范园, 云南 元谋 651300
5.西南林业大学 生态与环境学院, 云南 昆明 650000
黄顺(1999—),男(汉族),安徽省合肥市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土保持。Email:15155915703@163.com。
方海东(1979—),男(汉族),黑龙江省海伦市人,硕士,研究员,主要从事干热区生态治理与农业可持续发展研究。Email:rqsfhd@163.com。
收稿:2025-04-09,
修回:2025-07-21,
纸质出版:2025-12-10
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黄顺, 何光熊, 张斌艳, 等.坡度和植被模式对干热河谷水土保持效益的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):50-58.
Huang Shun, He Guangxiong, Zhang Binyan, et al. Effects of slope gradients and vegetation patterns on soil and water conservation benefits in dry-hot valleys [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):50-58.
黄顺, 何光熊, 张斌艳, 等.坡度和植被模式对干热河谷水土保持效益的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):50-58. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.003. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.003.
Huang Shun, He Guangxiong, Zhang Binyan, et al. Effects of slope gradients and vegetation patterns on soil and water conservation benefits in dry-hot valleys [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):50-58. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.003. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.003.
目的
2
评估干热河谷不同坡度和植被模式的水土保持效益,为元谋干热河谷的水土保持模式选择提供参考。
方法
2
设置5°和10°坡度试验小区,进行黄茅、黄茅+余甘子、黄茅+车桑子3种植被模式的原位径流泥沙监测,比较不同坡度和植被模式的产流产沙差异。
结果
2
①5°和10°坡度下3种植被模式及裸地的降雨径流分配均以地表径流为主(80.94%~99.11%); ②3种植被模式通过调控径流在不同土层中的分配从而显著减少地表径流(73.13%~86.87%)和土壤流失量(69.29%~94.47%),50 cm和100 cm壤中流分别增加107.14%~980.00%和47.17%~225.00%; ③5°和10°坡度下,与裸地相比,黄茅+余甘子在100 cm处壤中流的增幅最大,分别为225.00%和181.13%,土壤流失量分别降低70.06%和92.27%,固土保水能力强; ④各项降雨特征中,降雨量与地表径流的关系最为密切,相关系数为0.665(
p
<
0.05),其中暴雨会明显增加地表径流,5°和10°坡面年均地表径流较大雨分别增加339.45%和148.30%。
结论
2
干热河谷水土流失主要受到降雨量和地表径流的综合影响,5°和10°坡度下3种植被模式通过调控径流在不同土层中的分配从而达到固土保水的目的,其中黄茅+余甘子既能有效减少地表径流,还能将降雨有效的导入深层土壤并减少径流中泥沙含量,是区域固土保水的优势植被模式。
Objective
2
The soil and water conservation benefits of different slope gradients and vegetation patterns in dry-hot valleys were analyzed in order to provide a reference for selecting soil and water conservation patterns in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley.
Methods
2
Experimental plots with slopes of 5° and 10° were established to conduct in-situ monitoring of runoff and sediment under three typical vegetation patterns:
Heteropogon contortus
,
H. contortus
+
Phyllanthus emblica
, and
H. contortus
+
Dodonaea viscosa
. The differences in runoff and sediment yield under different slope gradients and vegetation patterns were then compared.
Results
2
① The rainfall-runoff distribution for the three vegetation patterns and bare land under slope gradients of 5° and 10° was dominated by surface runoff (80.94%—99.11%). ② The three vegetation patterns significantly reduced surface runoff (73.13%—86.87%) and soil loss (69.29%—94.47%) by regulating runoff distribution across different soil layers, while correspondingly increasing interflow at depths of 50 cm and 100 cm (107.14%—980.00% and 47.17%—225.00%, respectively). ③ At slope gradients of 5° and 10°, compared with bare land,
H. contortus
+
P. emblica
showed the greatest increase in interflow at 100 cm depth (225.00% and 181.13%, respectively) and effectively reduced soil loss (70.06% and 92.27%, respectively). This pattern simultaneously demonstrated the functions of soil stabilization and water retention. ④ Among all rainfall characteristics, rainfall amount was most closely related to surface runoff, with a correlation coefficient of
r
= 0.665 (
p
<
0.05). Specifically, rainstorms significantly increased surface runoff, causing the annual average surface runoff on 5° and 10° slopes to increase by 339.45% and 148.30%, respectively, compared with relatively heavy rain.
Conclusion
2
Soil erosion in dry-hot valleys is mainly affected by the combined effects of rainfall amount and surface runoff. The three vegetation patterns at the slope gradients of 5° and 10°
achieve the goal of soil stabilization and water retention by regulating runoff distribution across different soil layers. Among them,
H. contortus
+
P. emblica
not only effectively reduce surface runoff but also effectively direct rainfall into deeper soil layers and reduce the sediment content in runoff. It is identified as the dominant vegetation pattern for regional soil and water conservation.
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