1.吉林农业大学 资源与环境学院, 吉林 长春130118
2.白城市生态环境局, 吉林 白城 137000
3.白城市机动车排气污染防治技术;服务中心, 吉林 白城137000
4.张家港港务集团有限公司港埠分公司, 江苏 苏州 215633
李永滢(1997—),女(朝鲜族),吉林省白城市人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事水生态环境治理方面的工作。Email:liyongying22@163.com。
金香一(1998—),女(汉族),内蒙古自治区满洲里市人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事环境修复研究。Email:jxyli0413@163.com。
收稿:2025-03-17,
修回:2025-06-09,
纸质出版:2025-10-10
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李永滢, 金香一, 姜娜, 等.向海自然保护区湿地地表水氟化物分布特征及相关性分析[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):177-186.
Li Yongying, Jin Xiangyi, Jiang Na, et al. Characterization and correlation analysis of fluoride distribution in wetland surface water of Xianghai Nature Reserve [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):177-186.
李永滢, 金香一, 姜娜, 等.向海自然保护区湿地地表水氟化物分布特征及相关性分析[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):177-186. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.014. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.014..
Li Yongying, Jin Xiangyi, Jiang Na, et al. Characterization and correlation analysis of fluoride distribution in wetland surface water of Xianghai Nature Reserve [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):177-186. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.014. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.014..
目的
2
揭示向海国家级自然保护区湿地水体中氟化物的时空分布规律及其驱动机制,明确水质超标原因,为科学制定向海湿地生态治理措施提供理论支撑,为区域水环境治理,流域水质改善提供指导。
方法
2
基于2012—2021年向海自然保护区湿地地表水国控断面监测数据,对比氟化物在丰水期、平水期和枯水期的不同浓度特征,阐明氟化物的年际和季节变化特征。运用Pearson相关性分析探析各项水质指标间的关联性,并结合Gibbs图分析地表水水化学特征,解析氟化物的自然来源。
结果
2
①2012—2021年向海水库地表水氟化物年均浓度为2.02~3.87 mg/L,长期超过地表Ⅴ类水质标准(GB 3838—2002)限值,年均超标倍数达0.36~1.61倍。②时间变化上,氟化物浓度在枯水期较高(3.54~3.66 mg/L),丰水期较低(2.76~2.87 mg/L),呈现出先下降后回升再下降的趋势,具有较强的季节性波动;空间上,2022年一场泡氟化物浓度(1.56~3.2 mg/L)显著高于二场泡(1.16~2.48 mg/L)。 ③向海水库周边区域内土壤中总氟化物含量平均值为1013.91~2067.12 mg/kg,水溶性氟含量达到10.45~50.12 mg/kg,远大于全国背景值。 ④向海水库地表水主要水化学类型为HCO
3
⁻-Na ∙ Mg和HCO
3
⁻-Na型,地表水水化学的成因以及氟化物富集与区域蒸发浓缩作用、溶解沉淀作用、离子交换作用等均有密切关联。
结论
2
向海水库地表水氟化物主要污染途径为内源释放,建议着手于内源污染和水文调控进行治理。
Objective
2
This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of fluoride in the wetland water of the Xianghai National Nature Reserve, clarify the reasons for water quality exceeding the standards, provide theoretical support for the scientific formulation of ecological governance measures for the Xianghai wetland, and offer guidance for regional water environment governance and improvement of water quality in the basin.
Methods
2
Based on the long-term monitoring data of the national control section of the surface water in the Xianghai Nature Reserve from 2012 to 2021, different concentration characteristics of fluoride in the flood, normal water, and dry seasons were compared to clarify the interannual and seasonal variation characteristics of fluoride. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among various water quality indicators, and a Gibbs diagram was compiled to analyze the chemical characteristics of the surface water and interpret the natural sources of fluoride.
Results
2
① From 2012 to 2021, the annual average fluoride concentration in the surface water of the Xianghai Reservoir ranged from 2.02 to 3.87 mg/L, chronically exceeding the class Ⅴ surface water quality standard (GB 3838—2002) by 0.36—1.61 times annually. ② Temporally, fluoride concentrations were higher in the dry season (3.54—3.66 mg/L) and lower in the wet season (2.76—2.87 mg/L), exhibiting an initial decline, subsequent rebound, and final decline, with pronounced seasonal fluctuations. Spatially, concentrations at Yichangpao (1.56—3.20 mg/L, 2022) significantly exceeded those at Erchangpao (1.16—2.48 mg/L). ③ The average content of total fluoride in the soil within the surrounding area of Xianghai Reservoir ranges from 1,013.91 to 2,067.12 mg/kg, and the water-soluble fluoride content reaches 10.45 to 50.12 mg/kg, which is much higher than the national background value. ④ The dominant hydrochemical types of surface water were HCO₃⁻-Na ∙ Mg and HCO₃⁻-Na, with fluoride enrichment being closely linked to regional evaporation concentration, dissolution-precipitation, and ion exchange processes.
Conclusion
2
Endogenous release is the primary pollution pathway for fluoride in the surface water of the Xianghai reservoir. Control measures should focus on endogenous pollution management and hydrological regulation.
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