1.西北农林科技大学 农学院(农业科学院),陕西 杨凌 712199
2.西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712199
梁悦琪(2001—),女(汉族),陕西省西安市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农林复合系统及其综合效益。Email:liangyq@nwafu.edu.cn。
韩新辉(1980—),女(锡伯族),新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州人,博士,教授,主要从事农林复合系统功能等方面的研究。Email:hanxinhui@nwsuaf.edu.cn。
收稿:2024-11-06,
修回:2025-05-25,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
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梁悦琪, 李硕, 刘俊, 等.陕西省黄土丘陵沟壑区典型农林复合生产模式能值评价及可持续性分析[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):316-325.
Liang Yueqi, Li Shuo, Liu Jun, et al. Emergy evaluation and sustainability analysis of typical agroforestry production models in loess hilly and gully region of Shaanxi Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):316-325.
梁悦琪, 李硕, 刘俊, 等.陕西省黄土丘陵沟壑区典型农林复合生产模式能值评价及可持续性分析[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):316-325. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.034. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.034..
Liang Yueqi, Li Shuo, Liu Jun, et al. Emergy evaluation and sustainability analysis of typical agroforestry production models in loess hilly and gully region of Shaanxi Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):316-325. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.034. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.034..
目的
2
揭示黄土丘陵沟壑区农林复合系统的资源利用效率与可持续性特征,促进农林复合生产模式的优选与推广。
方法
2
采用能值分析的理论与方法,以陕西省延安市黄龙县核桃-紫苏、核桃-玉米、花椒-土豆、花椒-红豆4种典型农林复合模式为对象,系统分析其能值投入产出结构、环境承载效应及可持续发展潜力。
结果
2
①4种模式均高度依赖不可更新辅助能(占比>60%),其中化肥与机械动力为主要投入,当前生产模式仍依赖石化能源支撑;可更新环境资源的投入占比24%以上,且以雨水势能和雨水化学能为主。表明当地水资源相对匮乏,作物种植高度依赖自然降水。 ②4种生产模式中,本地环境资源的贡献程度有限(能值自给率ESR为0.26~0.31);环境压力显著(环境承载率ELR为1.78~2.35),且净能值产出率(EYR)为1.45~5.90,整体偏低,显示该地区复合系统生产效率与生态友好性亟待提升。 ③花椒-红豆模式表现突出,其能值产出率(EYR)为5.90,能值可持续发展指数(ESI,2.55)与能值/环境可持续指标(E/ESI,0.67)显著高于其他模式与陕西省均值。该优势源于红豆作为豆科植物的多重生态功能——高太阳能值转化率、固氮效应与资源协同优势。核桃-玉米模式因高秆作物竞争导致能值利用效率最差。
结论
2
在黄土丘陵区及其他类似生态脆弱区,应优化农林复合种植辅助能结构、推广豆科植物间作模式。
Objective
2
The resource utilization efficiency and sustainability characteristics of agroforestry systems in hilly and gully loess areas were analyzed to optimize and promote agroforestry production models.
Methods
2
The theory and method of emergy analysis were used to systematically analyze the emergy input-output structure, environmental carrying effect, and sustainable development potential of four typical complex agroforestry models in Huanglong County, Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, namely: walnut-purple perilla, walnut-maize, chinese pepper-potato, and Chinese pepper-red bean.
Results
2
① All four modes were highly dependent on nonrenewable auxiliary energy (accounting for > 60%), with fertilizers and mechanical power as the main inputs. The current production mode still relies on petrochemical energy support; The investment in renewable environmental resources accounts for over 24%, with rainwater potential energy and rainwater chemical energy being the main sources. This indicates that local water resources are relatively scarce and that planting relies heavily on natural rainfall. ② Among the four production modes, the contribution of local environmental resources was limited(emergy self-sufficiency ratio, ESR, 0.26~0.31); The significant environmental pressure(environmental loading ratio, ELR, 1.78~2.35) and overall low net emergy yield ratio (EYR, 1.45~5.90) indicated that the production efficiency and ecological friendliness of the composite system in this region urgently need to be improved. ③ However, the Chinese pepper-red bean model showed outstanding performance, with EYR (5.90), emergy sustainability index (ESI, 2.55), and emergy per unit sustainability index (E/ESI, 0.67) were significantly higher than those of the other models and the average for Shaanxi Province. The analysis found that this advantage stems from the multiple ecological functions of red beans as leguminous plants with high solar energy conversion rate, nitrogen fixation efficiency, and resource synergy advantages. In contrast, the walnut-maize model displayed the worst energy utilization efficiency, owing to competition from tall crops.
Conclusion
2
In the loess hilly region and other similarly ecologically fragile areas, the auxiliary energy structure of agroforestry intercropping should be optimized, and the model of intercropping leguminous plants should be promoted.
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