种植水稻对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响

李明; 张俊华

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.028

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种植水稻对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响

试验研究

- 种植水稻对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响
- Effects of rice cultivation on physical and chemical properties， and bacterial diversity of salinized soils
- 水土保持通报 2025年45卷第4期页码：94-104
- 作者机构：
  
  1.宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院，宁夏银川 750021
  2.宁夏葡萄与葡萄酒研究院，宁夏银川 750021
  3.宁夏大学生态环境学院，宁夏银川 750021
- 作者简介：
  
  李明（1980—），女（汉族），宁夏回族自治区中卫市人，博士，副研究员，主要从事土壤微生物生态学研究。Email：lm_y096@126.com。
  张俊华（1977—），女（汉族），宁夏回族自治区中卫市人，博士，研究员，主要从事土壤学研究。Email：zhangjunhua728@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“贺兰山东麓产区差异化土壤指标构建与特异性关键要素研究”(2024BBF01003-3);国家重点研发项目“黄河上游河套平原节水控盐产能提升技术模式与应用”(2021YFD1900600);宁夏科技创新领军人才计划项目(2022GKLRLX02)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.028
  中图分类号： S154.3
- CSTR：32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.028.
- 收稿：2025-03-20，
  
  修回：2025-05-12，
  
  纸质出版：2025-08-20
- 稿件说明：
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李明, 张俊华.种植水稻对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):94-104.

Li Ming, Zhang Junhua. Effects of rice cultivation on physical and chemical properties， and bacterial diversity of salinized soils [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):94-104.
李明, 张俊华.种植水稻对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌多样性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):94-104. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.028. CSTR： 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.028..

Li Ming, Zhang Junhua. Effects of rice cultivation on physical and chemical properties， and bacterial diversity of salinized soils [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):94-104. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.028. CSTR： 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.028..

摘要

目的

分析黄河水灌溉水稻种植对宁夏平罗盐渍化土壤理化性质与微生物多样性的影响，为宁夏盐渍化土壤生态修复提供科学依据。

方法

以平罗县不同水稻种植年限（1，5，10，16 a）淹水期（7月）和排干期（10月）稻田土壤样品为研究对象，利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术分析2个时期不同水稻种植年限盐渍化的土壤理化性质和细菌多样性。

结果

土壤含水量、电导率、有机碳、全氮、可溶性有机碳随种稻年限增加而显著增加。电导率、有机碳、全氮在种稻5 a土壤中显著增加。pH值、硝态氮、可溶性有机氮随种稻年限增加而显著降低。排干期种稻16 a土壤pH值最低（较种稻1 a土壤显著降低2.66%），其微生物生物量碳、氮分别较种稻1 a土壤高36.28%和36.59%。种稻年限对土壤细菌群落多样性和结构有显著的影响。Chao1指数在淹水期种稻16 a显著高于种稻1 a 43.99%。在淹水条件下，与种稻1 a相比，种稻10 a土壤中芽单胞菌门和螺旋体门丰度增加了27.46%和150.00%；种稻5a时放线菌门、厚壁菌门、蓝藻细菌相对丰度下降了44.50%，66.23%，87.50%。在排干期，与种稻1 a相比，种稻5 a土壤纤维杆菌门和螺旋体门相对丰度分别增加了287.50%和314.29%；种稻10 a土壤绿弯菌门和绿菌门相对丰度分别增加了46.35%和370.97%；种稻5 a土壤放线菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、装甲菌门相对丰度分别下降了48.10%，55.34%，65.85%。与种稻1 a相比，淹水期种稻5 a的土壤伪鱼腥藻科和丛毛单胞菌科相对丰度分别下降了96.89%和56.60%，淹水期种稻10 a土壤暖蝇菌科和脱硫杆菌科相对丰度分别增加了64.86%和305.26%。土壤电导率、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、可溶性有机碳、可溶性有机氮是影响盐渍化稻田土壤细菌群落结构的关键环境因子。

结论

随着种稻年限的增长土壤细菌群落和理化性质发生显著变化，土壤生境呈改善趋势。

Abstract

Objective

The impacts of Yellow River irrigation on physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of saline-alkali soils at Pingluo County， Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were investigated， in order to provide scientific support for ecological remediation of saline-alkali soils in the region.

Methods

Soil samples from paddy fields at Pingluo County， with different rice planting years （1， 5， 10， and 16 years） during the flooding period （July） and the draining period （October） were analyzed to characterize soil physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity in the salinization of different rice planting years in the two periods by using Illumina Hiseq high throughput sequencing technology.

Results

Soil moisture content， electrical conductivity， soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content increased significantly with increasing years of rice cultivation. Electrical conductivity， soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased significantly after 5 years of rice cultivation. The pH value， nitrate nitrogen content and soluble organic nitrogen content decreased significantly with an increasing number of rice cultivation years. The lowest soil pH value after 16 years of rice cultivation in the drainage was 2.66% lower than that in the soil after one year of rice cultivation. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher in the soil with rice cultivation for the 16-years paddy soil in the drainage than in the 1-year paddy soil with rice cultivation by 36.28% and 36.59% respectively. Years of rice cultivation had a significant effect on bacterial community diversity and structure. The Chao1 index was 43.99% higher in the soil with rice planted for 16 years during the submerged period than in the soil with rice cultivation for one year. During the submerged period， the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Spirochaetes increased by 27.46% and 150.00% respectively， in the 10-year paddy soil. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria， Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria significantly decreased by 44.50%， 66.23% and 87.50% respectively， in the 5-year paddy soil. During the drainage period， the relative abundances of Fibrobacteres and Spirochaetes increased by 287.50% and 314.29% respectively， in the 5-year paddy soil. The relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Chlorobi increased by 46.35% and 370.97% respectively， in the 10-year paddy soil. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria， Nitrospirae and Armatimonadetes significantly decreased by 48.10%， 55.34% and 65.85% respectively， in the 5-year paddy soil. At the genus level， the relative abundances of Pseudanabaenaceae and Comamonadaceae decreased significantly by 96.89% and 56.60% respectively， in the 5-year cultivated soil during the submerged period. The relative abundances of Caldilineaceae and Desulfobulbaceae significantly increased by 64.86% and 305.26% respectively， in the 10-year cultivation soil during the submerged period. Redundancy and Pearson correlation analyses showed that soil conductivity， total nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen， dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen were the key environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure in saline paddy soil.

Conclusion

Significant changes in the soil bacterial communities and physicochemical properties were observed with an increase in the number of rice cultivation years， and the soil habitat showed an improving trend.

关键词

Keywords

references

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