1.西北农林科技大学 水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
2.中国科学院 水利部;水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
3.西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
马龙(2000—),男(汉族),陕西省咸阳市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业水土资源高效利用。Email:mal0155@163.com。
赵西宁(1976—),男(汉族),陕西省渭南市人,博士,研究员,主要从事农业水土资源高效利用研究。Email: zxn@nwsuaf.edu.cn。
收稿:2025-02-14,
修回:2025-04-28,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
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马龙, 刘华清, 高晓东, 等.饲草间作方式对增产及节水效应的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):161-172.
Ma Long, Liu Huaqing, Gao Xiaodong, et al. Effects of forage intercropping methods on yield and water use efficiency [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):161-172.
马龙, 刘华清, 高晓东, 等.饲草间作方式对增产及节水效应的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):161-172. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.027. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.027..
Ma Long, Liu Huaqing, Gao Xiaodong, et al. Effects of forage intercropping methods on yield and water use efficiency [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):161-172. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.027. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.027..
目的
2
探究黄土高原4种多年生饲草不同间作方式对其生长、光合生理特征及土壤水分的综合影响,筛选最优间作方式,为黄土高原建设高产、高效、可持续的人工草地提供理论支撑。
方法
2
以紫花苜蓿(
Medicago sativa
)、无芒雀麦(
Bromus inermis
)、披碱草(
Elymus dahuricus
)、沙打旺(
Astragalus adsurgens
)4种多年生饲草为研究对象,设置单作、两物种、三物种和四物种间作方式,分析不同间作方式对饲草生长、光合作用和水分利用的影响。
结果
2
各间作模式相对产量总和均大于1。紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦间作处理的相对产量总和达到2.08,其中,无芒雀麦生物量达到单作的279.1%,紫花苜蓿达到单作的132.4%。二者间作处理显著提高了紫花苜蓿的净光合速率和蒸腾速率(
p
<
0.05),对无芒雀麦净光合速率无显著影响,但显著提高了其叶片水分利用效率(
p
<
0.05)。紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦间作增加了深层土壤含水量。熵权-TOPSIS综合评价结果表明:紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦间作在饲草产量、生长生理特征、水土资源利用效率和土壤贮水能力方面的综合效应最优,禾本科单作综合效应最差。
结论
2
合理的间作方式能够优化土壤水分垂直分布,提高饲草的净光合速率,从而提高间作系统的产量和水分利用效率。紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦间作方式能够提高间作系统的生产力和水分利用效率,为黄土高原半干旱区饲草间作方式优化提供了重要实践参考。
Objective
2
The comprehensive effects of different intercropping methods of four perennial forage grasses on growth, photosynthesis, and soil moisture in the Loess Plateau were analyzed. Screening of the optimal intercropping method was also done to provide theoretical support for establishing high-yield, efficient, and sustainable artificial grasslands in the Loess Plateau.
Methods
2
Four perennial forage grasses (
Medicago sativa
,
Bromus inermis
,
Elymus dahuricus
, and
Astragalus adsurgens
), with intercropping of one (
n
=4), two (
n
=4), three (
n
=2), and four (
n
=1) species were established to analyze the growth, photosynthetic, and water use characteristics of the forages under the different mixture patterns.
Results
2
The total relative yield of all intercropping treatments exceeded one. The intercropping treatment of
M. sativa
and
B. inermis
achieved a total relative yield of 2.08. This treatment increased the biomass of
B. inermis
and
M. sativa
to 279.1% and 132.4%, respectively, compared to their monoculture. Intercropping of
M. sativa
and
B. inermis
significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of
M. sativa
(
p
<
0.05). There was no significant effect on the net photosynthetic rate of
B. inermis
, but leaf water use efficiency increased significantly (
p
<
0.05). This intercropping also increased the water content of the deep soil. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS evaluation revealed that the
M. sativa
and
B. inermis
intercropping produced the best comprehensive effects in terms of forage yield, growth physiological characteristics, water and soil resource utilization efficiency, and soil water storage capacity. The comprehensive effect of gramineous monoculture was the worst.
Conclusion
2
Reasonable intercropping configurations can optimize vertical soil moisture distribution and enhance forage net photosynthetic rate, thereby improving system productivity and water utilization. Intercropping of
M. sativa
and
B. inermis
could effectively enhance production capacity and water use efficiency, providing valuable practical guidance for optimizing forage intercropping systems in semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau.
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