1.广西大学 林学院, 广西 南宁 530004
2.广西农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,广西耕地保育重点实验室, 广西 南宁530007
3.西南大学 资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
闫桂菀(2001—),女(汉族),广西壮族自治区桂林市人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀与养分研究。Email:wandeline0322@outlook.com。
董文斌(1983—),男(瑶族),广西壮族自治区钟山县人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事绿肥品种选育、生产及利用研究。Email:dongwenbin@gxaas.net。
收稿:2025-03-14,
修回:2025-04-13,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
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闫桂菀, 董文斌, 韦彩会, 等.生草覆盖对经果林土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):29-39.
Yan Guiwan, Dong Wenbin, Wei Caihui, et al. Effects of grass cover on stability of soil aggregates in economic fruit forests [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):29-39.
闫桂菀, 董文斌, 韦彩会, 等.生草覆盖对经果林土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):29-39. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.022. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.022..
Yan Guiwan, Dong Wenbin, Wei Caihui, et al. Effects of grass cover on stability of soil aggregates in economic fruit forests [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):29-39. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.022. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.022..
目的
2
探究不同生草覆盖对经果林土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,揭示经果林土壤性质及团聚体对生草覆盖的响应及其协同调控机制。
方法
2
选取光叶苕子(T
1
)、肥田萝卜
(T
2
)、平托花生(T
3
)及光叶苕子、平托花生和宽叶雀稗混播(T
4
)的经果林土壤为研究对象,应用湿筛法和Le Bissonnais法分析生草覆盖对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响。
结果
2
①湿筛处理下,生草覆盖显著提高了水稳性大团聚体(
>
0.25 mm)的含量,表现为T
3
(83.47%)
>
T
1
(82.20%)
>
T
4
(79.98%)
>
T
2
(76.75%)
>
CK(74.30%),且平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)较清耕显著提升。 ②Le Bissonnais法处理下,快速湿润(FW)对
>
2 mm粒径团聚体崩解程度最大,慢速湿润(SW)对团聚体的破坏作用最小,
<
0.25 mm粒级占比为15.02%~23.81%,而预湿润后扰动(WS)的稳定性指标增幅最高。团聚体稳定性表现为SW
>
WS
>
FW。相对消散指数(RSI)和机械破碎指数(RMI)差异显著,RSI
>
RMI,其中T
2
处理的RSI值最小,T
3
处理的RMI值最小。 ③干筛法和湿筛法处理下的土壤分形维数平均值分别为1.89和2.46,不同生草处理下的分形维数(
D
)、结构破坏率(PAD)和不稳定团粒指数(
E
LT
)存在显著差异,T
1
处理的PAD值较CK降低了16.25%,不同处理均显著降低了
E
LT
值。相关性分析和通径分析表明,土壤团聚体稳定性受总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、容重、土壤有机碳和机械组成的综合影响,其中土壤有机碳是关键因素。
结论
2
生草覆盖通过减弱暴雨或灌溉冲击对团聚体的消散破坏作用,显著提升经果林土壤团聚体稳定性,优化土壤结构。其中,肥田萝卜和平托花生两种生草覆盖方式在实践中表现出显著优势。
Objective
2
The effects of different grass coverage on the stability of soil aggregates in economic fruit forests were explored to reveal the responses of soil properties and aggregates to grass cover in these forest forests and their coordinated regulation mechanisms.
Methods
2
Soils of economic fruit forests with
Vicia villosa
(T
1
),
Raphanus sativus
(T
2
),
R. sativus
(T
3
), and mixed sowing of
V. villosa
,
R. sativus
, and
Paspalum wettsteinii
(T
4
), were analyzed using the wet sieving and Le Bissonnais methods to assess the effects of grass mulching on the stability of soil aggregates.
Results
2
① Under the wet sieving treatment, grass mulching significantly increased the content of water-stable macroaggregates (
>
0.25 mm), with T
3
(83.47%)
>
T
1
(82.20%)
>
T
4
(79.98%)
>
T
2
(76.75%)
>
control (CK; 74.30%), showing notable increases. Additionally, both the mean weight and geometric mean diameters were significantly higher in the grass-mulched treatments compared to those with clearing tillage. ② Under the Le Bissonnais method, fast wetting (FW) caused the greatest disintegration of aggregates larger than 2 mm, whereas slow wetting (SW) had the least destructive effect, with the percentage of aggregates smaller than 0.25 mm ranging from 15.02% to 23.81%. The highest increase in stability indices was observed with pre-wetting followed by disturbance (WS). The aggregate stability followed the order: SW
>
WS
>
FW. Significant differences were observed between relative slaking index (RSI) and relative mechanical index (RMI), with RSI being greater than RMI. Among the treatments, the T
2
treatment had the smallest RSI value, whereas the T
3
treatment had the smallest RMI value. ③ The mean soil fractal dimension values under dry and wet sieving treatments were 1.89 and 2.46, respectively. Significant differences were observed in fractal dimension (
D
), structural damage rate (PAD), and unstable aggregates index (
E
LT
) across different raw herbaceous treatments. The PAD value of the T
1
treatment was reduced by 16.25% compared with that of the CK, and all the treatments of T
1
—T
4
significantly reduced the
E
LT
value. Correlation and pathway analyses indicated that the stability of soil aggregates was affected by total porosity, capillary porosity, bulk weight, soil organic carbon, and mechanical composition, among which soil organic carbon was the key factor.
Conclusion
2
Grass mulching significantly enhanced the stability of soil aggregates and optimized soil structure in an economic fruit forest by attenuating the dissipative damage caused by heavy rainfall or irrigation on aggregates. Among these, t
wo grass mulching treatments,
R. sativus
and
R. sativus
, showed significant advantages in practice.
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