1.内蒙古农业大学 沙漠治理学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011
2.赤峰学院 资源环境与建筑工程学院, 内蒙古 赤峰 024000
3.西南林业大学;外国语学院, 云南 昆明 650224
4.巴彦淖尔市林业和草原局, 内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
5.敖汉旗林业和草原局, 内蒙古 赤峰 024300
6.大杨树林业有限责任公司, 内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 165456
言泽旭(1999—),女(汉族),内蒙古自治区赤峰市宁城县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土保持。Emailyanzexu0818@163.com。
张成福(1966—),男(汉族),内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市四子王旗人,教授,主要从事生态水文模型研究。Email2651534893@qq.com。
收稿:2024-11-18,
修回:2025-04-03,
纸质出版:2025-08-20
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言泽旭, 张成福, 王雨晴, 等.基于深度学习算法的山地植物多样性空间分布格局模拟[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):211-221.
Yan Zexu, Zhang Chengfu, Wang Yuqing, et al. Simulation of spatial distribution pattern of mountain plant diversity based on deep learning alogorithm [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):211-221.
言泽旭, 张成福, 王雨晴, 等.基于深度学习算法的山地植物多样性空间分布格局模拟[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):211-221. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.013. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.013..
Yan Zexu, Zhang Chengfu, Wang Yuqing, et al. Simulation of spatial distribution pattern of mountain plant diversity based on deep learning alogorithm [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):211-221. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.013. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.013..
目的
2
分析内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区不同环境因子条件下植物多样性的变化规律,明确山区植物多样性与环境的关系,为山地生态系统的多样性研究、评价、保护及综合管理提供科学依据。
方法
2
运用深度学习方法构建植物多样性指数模型,对模型的准确性进行验证后,预测大青山植物多样性的空间分布,并分析不同环境因子条件下植物多样性的变化规律。
结果
2
①研究区共有108种植物,隶属于31科77属,阴坡植物多样性大于阳坡; ②坡度对Shannon-Wiener指数(
H
’)、Simpson优势度指数(
D
)和Pielou均匀度指数(
J
)相对贡献度最大(42%),其次是温度植被干旱指数(TVDI,25%)、温度(17%)、NDVI(8%)和太阳辐射(8%);温度和太阳辐射对Margalef丰富度指数(
R
)相对贡献度最大(38%),其次是坡度(9%)、坡向(8%)和NDVI(7%); ③Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的预测结果均与实测值高度吻合,MAE分别为0.08,0.03,0.03,0.05,MSE依次为0.020,0.003,0.002,0.004。进一步通过训练集模拟值与观测值的线性回归分析得出,各多样性指数的
R
²分别达到0.86,0.93,0.92,0.99。 ④大青山的Shannon-Wiener指数取值范围为0~3.87,Simpson优势度指数为0~0.83,Pielou均匀度指数为0~0.95,Margalef丰富度指数为0~4.12; ⑤Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数与坡度,TVDI,地表温度(LST)和太阳辐射呈线性负相关,与NDVI呈线性正相关。Margalef丰富度指数与LST,太阳辐射和坡度呈线性负相关,与坡向和NDVI呈线性正相关。总体来说,植物多样性与LST,太阳辐射和坡度呈线性负相关,与NDVI呈线性正相关。
结论
2
利用深度学习方法预测山地地貌植物多样性的空间分布具有可行性,能够深入了解植物多样性与环境之间的复杂关系。
Objective
2
The changing patterns of plant diversity in the Daqing Mountain Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia under different environmental factors were analyzed. And the relationship between plant diversity in mountainous areas and the environment was clarified, in order to provide a scientific basis for the research, evaluation, protection and comprehensive management of the diversity in mountain ecosystems.
Methods
2
The deep learning algorithm were employed to construct a plant diversity index model, and the model accuracy was validated. Subsequently, the spatial distribution of plant diversity in Daqing Mountain was predicted, and the various patterns of plant diversity under different environmental factors were analyzed.
Results
2
① There were a total of 108 plant species in the study area, belonging to 77 genera and 31 families. The plant diversity on the shady slopes was greater than that on the sunny slopes. ② The slope had the greatest relative contribution (42%) to the Shannon-Wiener index (
H
’), Simpson dominance index (
D
) and Pielou evenness index (
J
), followed by temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI, 25%), temperature (17%), NDVI (8%) and solar radiation (8%). Temperature and solar radiation had the largest relative contribution to the Margalef richness index (
R
) (38%), slope (9%), aspect (8%), and NDVI (7%). ③ The predicted results of
H
’,
D
,
J
, and
R
all showed strong agreement with measured values, with mean absoute error (MAE) values of 0.08, 0.03, 0.03, and 0.05, and mean square error (MSE) values of 0.020, 0.003, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively. Further linear regression analysis between simulated and observed values in the training set revealed that the
R
² values for each diversity index reached 0.86, 0.93, 0.92, and 0.99, respectively. ④ The value range of
H
’,
D
,
J
and
R
in the Daqing Mountain were 3.87, 0.83, 0.95 and 4.12, respectwely. ⑤
H
’,
D
, and
J
were linearly negatively correlated with slope, TVDI, la
nd surface temperature (LST) and solar radiation, and linearly positively correlated with NDVI.
R
was linearly negatively correlated with LST, solar radiation and slope, and linearly positively correlated with aspect and NDVI. Overall, plant diversity was linearly negatively correlated with LST, solar radiation and slope, and linearly positively correlated with NDVI.
Conclusion
2
Deep learning methods can be feasibly used to predict the spatial distribution of plant diversity in mountainous landforms. This method can deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between plant diversity and environment.
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