1.新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
许艾龙(1994—),女(汉族),甘肃省平凉市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水资源利用与保护。Email:1229510953@qq.com。
吴彬(1972—),男(汉族),甘肃省定西市人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事内陆干旱区水资源利用与环境保护方面的研究。Email:wubinxj@163.com。
收稿:2024-09-13,
修回:2025-02-27,
纸质出版:2025-06-10
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许艾龙, 吴彬, 刘坤, 等.基于水化学和氢氧同位素的拜城盆地泉水成因研究[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):47-59.
Xu Ailong, Wu Bin, Liu Kun, et al. Spring formation mechanism in Baicheng basin based on hydrochemistry, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):47-59.
许艾龙, 吴彬, 刘坤, 等.基于水化学和氢氧同位素的拜城盆地泉水成因研究[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):47-59. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.038. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.03.038..
Xu Ailong, Wu Bin, Liu Kun, et al. Spring formation mechanism in Baicheng basin based on hydrochemistry, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):47-59. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.038. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.03.038..
目的
2
分析拜城盆地泉水水化学及同位素特征,识别泉水、河水、潜水三者的转化关系,揭示泉水成因,为拜城盆地水资源合理开发利用提供理论依据。
方法
2
通过采集拜城盆地泉水样品,测试分析,综合运用Gibbs图、PCA-APCS-MLR模型、氢氧同位素等方法,定量探讨泉水与其他水体的转化量,分析泉水来源及其成因。
结果
2
①泉水水化学类型主要为HCO
3
· SO
4
· Cl-Ca · Na型,泉水与潜水、河水转化频繁; ②泉水水化学组分中Ca
2+
,Na
+
,Mg
2+
和SO
4
2-
源于石膏等盐类的风化溶解,Na
+
和Cl
-
源于钠长石和蒙脱石等硅酸盐矿物风化溶解,且农业及工矿生产、人类生活对泉水中硝酸盐的影响较大; ③泉水δD和δ
18
O值变化范围分别为-81.28‰~-50.27‰和-12.20‰~-8.57‰,拜城盆地南部潜水、泉水中δD和δ
18
O整体贫于北部,大量河水的补给使南部潜水、泉水δD和δ
18
O趋于贫化; ④盆地内地表水—地下水转化关系主要为河水补给潜水、泉水,木扎提河中游、克孜尔河上游,河水、潜水对泉水的补给比例分别为8.3%~50.1%,49.9%~91.7%。
结论
2
拜城盆地泉水主要为侵蚀下降泉和溢出下降泉。拜城盆地北部高中山区的大气降水、冰雪融水沿基岩裂隙入渗形成地下水,受河流、山洪沟切割第四系松散岩类孔隙水含水层影响,潜水溢出形成侵蚀下降泉,主要分布在木扎提河上游至中游段;高中山区形成的地下水在河流或沟谷切割含水层后出露形成地表水,地表水入渗到平原区后再次转化为地下水,地下水在运移过程中遇到新近系泥岩、砂岩、砾岩形成的相对隔水层后运动受阻,水位壅高出露地表,形成溢出下降泉,主要分布在木扎提河中下游与克孜尔河下游。
Objective
2
The hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of spring in Baicheng basin were analyzed, the transformation relationships among spring, river water, and phreatic water was identified, and the formation mechanisms of spring were explored to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of water resources in Baicheng basin.
Methods
2
Spring samples from the Baicheng basin were collected and analyzed. Comprehensive methods, including Gibbs diagrams, the PCA-APCS-MLR model, and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes, were used to quantitatively assess the transformation between spring and other water bodies and analyze the sources and formation mechanisms of the spring.
Results
2
① The hydrochemical type of spring water was mainly of HCO
3
·SO
4
·CL-Ca·Na type, and the spring water was frequently transformed with phreatic water and river water. ② The chemical components of the spring, including Ca
2+
, Na
+
, Mg
2+
, and SO
4
2-
, primarily originated from the weathering and dissolution of gypsum and other salts, while Na
+
and Cl
-
were derived from the weathering of silicate minerals such as albite and montmorillonite. Agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities significantly influenced nitrate levels in the spring. ③ The δD and δ
18
O values of the spring ranged from -81.28‰ to -50.27‰ and -12.20‰ to -8.57‰, respectively. The δD and δ
18
O values of phreatic water and spring in the southern Baicheng basin were generally more depleted than those in the north. This was attributed to substantial recharge from river water. ④ The transformation relationships between surface water and phreatic water in the basin mainly involved river water recharging phreatic water and spring. The recharge proportions of river water and phreatic water to spring were 8.3%—50.1% and 49.9%—91.7% in the middle reaches of the Muzati River and the upper reaches of the Kezier River, respectively.
Conclusion
2
Spring in Baicheng basin are primarily classified as erosional and overflow-descending spring. In the northern high mountainous area, atmospheric precipitation and snowmelt infiltrate bedrock fractures to form phreatic water. Phreatic water emerged as erosional descending spring, mainly distributed in the upper to middle reaches of the Muzati River, owing to the river and floodplain erosion of Quaternary porous aquifers. Phreatic waterthat formed in high-mountain areas was discharged as surface water where rivers or valleys intersected the aquifer. This surface water infiltrated the plain area and was converted back into phreatic water. During migration, phreatic water encountered relatively impermeable layers composed of Neogene mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate, causing water levels to rise and form overflow descending spring, predominantly located in the middle-lower reaches of the Muzati River and the lower reaches of the Kezier River.
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