北京林业大学 水土保持学院, 北京 100083
吴禹希(2000—),男(汉族),河北省承德市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为矿山生态修复。Email:yux9918@163.com。
郭小平(1962—),男(汉族),甘肃省天水市人,教授,博士,主要从事矿山生态修复、边坡绿化、废弃物资源化利用方面的研究。Email:guoxp@bjfu.edu.cn。
收稿:2024-12-18,
修回:2025-02-17,
纸质出版:2025-06-10
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吴禹希, 潘嘉琛, 张伟, 等.干旱矿区排土场边坡生态修复模式对植被—土壤有机碳密度的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):278-285.
Wu Yuxi, Pan Jiachen, Zhang Wei, et al. Effects of ecological restoration models on vegetation-soil organic carbon density of dump slopes in arid mining areas [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):278-285.
吴禹希, 潘嘉琛, 张伟, 等.干旱矿区排土场边坡生态修复模式对植被—土壤有机碳密度的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):278-285. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.032. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.032..
Wu Yuxi, Pan Jiachen, Zhang Wei, et al. Effects of ecological restoration models on vegetation-soil organic carbon density of dump slopes in arid mining areas [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):278-285. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.032. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.032..
目的
2
探究不同生态修复技术模式对干旱矿区排土场边坡植被和土壤有机碳密度的影响,分析经过生态修复后的排土场边坡土壤有机碳变化状况,为推广生态修复技术、提升矿区碳汇能力提供理论依据。
方法
2
选取内蒙古乌海市示范工程蒙泰、新星、棋丰3个露天煤矿生态修复排土场边坡植被和土壤为研究对象,通过野外采样与室内试验结合,分析植被碳密度、土壤理化因子和土壤碳密度以及植被指标与土壤因子的相关性。
结果
2
①随着修复年限的增加,植被有机碳密度呈递增趋势,在2~5 a间,增长率处于31.91%~45.62%,5年到8年处于11.80%~36.67%之间。土壤有机碳含量及密度也呈增长的趋势,在2~5 a间,土壤有机碳密度增长率在15.55%~91.28%之间,5~8 a增长率在0.4%~11.70%之间; ②生态棒修复技术模式在干旱矿区排土场对于改善土壤及植被有机碳积累状况效果最好,修复8 a土壤有机碳密度达到最大,为66.70 t/hm
2
,植被有机碳密度达到1.85 t/hm
2
,植物篱修复技术模式的修复效果相比最差,修复8 a土壤有机碳密度仅为37.36 t/hm
2
,植物有机碳密度为1.48 t/hm
2
,生态修复5 a时,砾石压盖和铁丝石笼的植被—土壤有机碳密度分别为45.84和44.98 t/hm
2
。
结论
2
在生态修复不超过8 a的情况下,这7种生态修复技术模式修复后的植被—土壤有机碳密度随修复年限增加而增加,在修复8 a时达到最大值,固碳效果明显。相比较之下,植物篱+生态袋截排水技术+播种+喷灌修复技术模式修复效果最差,生态棒+生态袋截排水技术+播种+喷灌、砾石压面+生态袋截排水技术+播种+喷灌、石笼水平拦挡+生态袋截排水技术+播种+喷灌这3种修复技术模式为低碳环保修复技术模式,固碳效果良好,适合推广应用,同时在修复前期,应注意土壤改良及施肥养护工作。
Objective
2
The effects of various ecological restoration technology models on plant and soil organic carbon density in the dump slopes in arid mining areas were investigated, and the changes in organic carbon after ecological restoration were analyzed, in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting ecological restoration technology and enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of mining areas.
Methods
2
Vegetation and soil samples from the ecological restoration slopes of waste dumps in three open-pit coal mines (Mengtai, Xinxing, and Qifeng) in Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were selected as research subjects. Field sampling and laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze vegetation carbon density, soil physicochemical factors, soil carbon density, and the correlation between vegetation indicators and soil factors.
Results
2
① With the increase in restoration years, vegetation organic carbon density showed an increasing trend. The growth rate ranged from 31.91% to 45.62% from two to five years and from 11.80% to 36.67% from five to eight years. Soil organic carbon content and density also exhibited an increasing trend. The growth rate of soil organic carbon density ranged from 15.55% to 91.28% from two to five years and from 0.4% to 11.70% from five to eight years. ② The ecological rod restoration technology model showed the best results in improving the soil and vegetation organic carbon accumulation in waste dumps in arid mining areas. After eight years of restoration, the soil organic carbon density reached a maximum of 66.70 t/hm², and the vegetation organic carbon density reached 1.85 t/hm². In contrast, the plant hedge restoration technology model performed the worst, showing soil organic carbon density of only 37.36 t/hm² and vegetation organic carbon density of 1.48 t/hm² after eight years of restoration. At five years of ecological restoration, the vegetation-soil organic carbon density for gravel cover and wire gabion were 45.84 t/hm² and 44.98 t/hm², respectively.
Conclusion
2
Under ecological restoration for no more than eight years, the vegetation-soil organic carbon density increased with the restoration years and reached its maximum at eight years, demonstrating significant carbon sequestration effects. The plant hedge + ecological bag interception and drainage technology + sowing + sprinkler irrigation restoration model performed the worst. The ecological rod + ecological bag interception and drainage technology + sowing + sprinkler irrigation, gravel cover + ecological bag interception and drainage technology + sowing + sprinkler irrigation, and gabion-horizontal barrier + ecological bag interception and drainage technology + sowing + sprinkler irrigation models were low-carbon and environmentally friendly restoration technologies with good carbon sequestration effects, making them suitable for promotion and application. Additionally, soil improvement and the maintenance of fertilization should be emphasized during the early stages of restoration.
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