1.黑龙江省林业科学院齐齐哈尔分院 嫩江平原防护林国家长期科研基地 黑龙江松嫩平原农田;防护林生态系统定位观测研究站, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161005
2.黑龙江扎龙湿地生态系统定位观测研究站,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161005
3.中国科学院 沈阳应用生态研究所 森林生态与保育重点实验室, 辽宁 沈阳 110016
崔琳(1988—),女(满族),吉林省桦甸市人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事防护林建设方面的研究。Email:cuilinjilin@126.com。
王力刚(1968—),男(汉族),黑龙江省海伦市人,学士,研究员级高级工程师,主要从事防护林建设方面的研究。Email:wlg0415@126.com。
收稿:2024-12-13,
修回:2025-02-25,
纸质出版:2025-06-10
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崔琳, 王力刚, 张玉柱, 等.黑龙江西部半干旱区经济灌木冠层降雨再分配特征[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):25-35.
Cui Lin, Wang Ligang, Zhang Yuzhu, et al. Characteristics of rainfall redistribution of economic shrub canopies in west semiarid area of Heilongjiang Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):25-35.
崔琳, 王力刚, 张玉柱, 等.黑龙江西部半干旱区经济灌木冠层降雨再分配特征[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):25-35. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.029. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.03.029..
Cui Lin, Wang Ligang, Zhang Yuzhu, et al. Characteristics of rainfall redistribution of economic shrub canopies in west semiarid area of Heilongjiang Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):25-35. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.029. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.03.029..
目的
2
探究黑龙江西部半干旱区不同灌木冠层降雨再分配特征,为筛选利于半干旱地区水源涵养的经济灌木树种提供理论依据。
方法
2
以平榛(
Corylus heterophylla
)、枸杞(
Lycium chinense
)、沙棘(
Hippophae rhamnoide
s)、樱桃(
Prunus tomentosa
)、刺五加(
Eleutherococcus senticosus
)、刺玫果(
Rosa
davurica
)6种经济灌木为研究对象,通过2023年6—9月15次降雨的监测,对比分析6种灌木林冠层降雨再分配差异及影响因素。
结果
2
6种灌木林冠层降雨分配差异显著(
p
<
0.05),超过70%的降雨以穿透雨形式降落。灌木冠层的穿透雨率(均值)、树干茎流率(均值)和冠层截留率(均值)分别为71.47%~91.16%(82.14%),2.31%~7.46%(4.40%),6.56%~23.41%(13.65%);冠层截留率表现为:毛樱桃林
>
沙棘林
>
平榛林
>
刺玫果林
>
刺五加林
>
枸杞林。降雨量是影响灌木冠层降雨再分配过程的关键气象要素,6种灌木的穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量均和林外降雨呈显著线性正相关(
p
<
0.01),穿透雨率、茎流率、截留率与林外降雨之间呈对数函数关系。气象因素、林分特征与冠层截留能力的相关性分析表明,截留率和气温呈正相关(
p
<
0.05)、与风速呈负相关(
p
<
0.01);除分枝数和穿透雨率不显著相关外,其余林分特征与树干茎流率、冠层截留率均呈显著正相关,与穿透雨率均呈显著负相关关系。
结论
2
不同灌木冠层降雨分配存在差异性,毛樱桃林、平榛林、沙棘林冠层的降雨截留率和茎流率较高,在减少雨水击溅侵蚀,涵养水源方面具有优势;枸杞林、刺五加林、刺玫果林冠层的穿透雨率高,在增加林冠下有效利用水分方面具有优势。气象因素与林分特征在灌木林冠层降雨再分配过程中均发挥重要作用。
Objective
2
The rainfall redistribution characteristics of different shrub canopies in the western semiarid area of Heilongjiang Province were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for selection of economically valuable shrub species that are conducive to water conservation in semi-arid regions.
Methods
2
Six economic shrubs with development potential in western Heilongjiang Province, namely
Corylus heterophylla
,
Lycium chinense
,
Hippophae rhamnoides
,
Prunus tomentosa
,
Eleutherococcus senticosus
, and
Rosa davurica
, were used as research objects. Fifteen rainfall events from June to September 2023 were monitored to compare and analyze the rainfall redistribution characteristics of the six shrubs and their influencing factors.
Results
2
Significant differences (
p
<
0.05) were observed in rainfall redistribution among the six shrub canopies, with over 70% of the rainfall falling as throughfall. The average throughfall, stemflow, and canopy interception rates were 71.47%—91.16% (82.14%), 2.31%—7.46% (4.40%), and 6.56%—23.41% (13.65%), respectively.
P. tomentosa
had the highest canopy interception rate, followed by
H. rhamnoides
,
C. heterophylla
,
R. davurica
,
E. senticosus
, and
L. chinense
. Rainfall amount was the key meteorological factor influencing the rainfall redistribution process. The throughfall, stemflow, and canopy interception of the six shrubs showed a significant positive linear correlation with external rainfall (
p
<
0.01), whereas the throughfall, stemflow, and interception rates exhibited a logarithmic relationship w
ith the external rainfall. Correlation analysis among meteorological factors, stand characteristics, and canopy interception capacity indicated that the interception rate was positively correlated with temperature (
p
<
0.05) and negatively correlated with wind speed (
p
<
0.01). Except for the non-significant correlation between branch number and throughfall rate, other stand characteristics showed significant positive correlations with stemflow and canopy interception rates and significant negative correlations with throughfall rate.
Conclusion
2
There were differences in rainfall redistribution among the different shrubs.
P. tomentosa
,
C. heterophylla
, and
H. rhamnoides
had relatively high interception and stem flow rates, which are advantageous for reducing rainwater splash erosion and conserving water.
L. chinense
,
E. senticosus
, and
R. davurica
had high throughfall rates, which are advantageous for increasing the effective utilization of water under the canopy. Overall, meteorological factors and stand characteristics play important roles in shrub canopy interception processes.
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