1.宁夏大学 西北土地退化与生态系统恢复国家重点实验室培养基地, 宁夏 银川 750021
2.西北退化;生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750021
3.宁夏大学 生态环境学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
杜倩倩(2000—),女(汉族),甘肃省庆阳市人,硕士研究生,研究方向为退化生态系统重建与管理。Email:duqianqian14@163.com。
孟晨(1990—),男(汉族),宁夏回族自治区银川市人,博士,副研究员,主要从事退化生态系统重建与管理研究。Email:mengchen@nxu.edu.cn。
收稿:2024-10-29,
修回:2025-01-24,
纸质出版:2025-06-10
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杜倩倩, 孟晨, 宋乃平, 等.宁夏铜银矿区大气降尘重金属污染的季节性特征及其风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):98-108.
Du Qianqian, Meng Chen, Song Naiping, et al. Seasonal characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric dust in a copper-silver mining area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):98-108.
杜倩倩, 孟晨, 宋乃平, 等.宁夏铜银矿区大气降尘重金属污染的季节性特征及其风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):98-108. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.024. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.024..
Du Qianqian, Meng Chen, Song Naiping, et al. Seasonal characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric dust in a copper-silver mining area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):98-108. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.024. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.024..
目的
2
识别铜银矿区大气降尘重金属的污染特征及风险,为矿区生态修复及风险管控提供科学依据。
方法
2
以宁夏铜银矿尾矿堆积区为研究对象,利用降尘缸在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节收集大气降尘,进行重金属(Cd,As,Cu,Ni,Cr,Hg,Pb,Ag)测定,并采用单因子污染指数、地积累指数、潜在生态危害指数评价、人体健康风险评价模型等方法,分析大气降尘重金属污染的季节性特征及风险。
结果
2
①研究区大气降尘量整体呈现春季>秋季>夏季>冬季的规律,大气降尘重金属累积含量呈:夏季>春季>冬季>秋季,其中As,Cu,Ni,Cr,Hg,Ag含量均表现春、夏时期高于秋冬时期,但Cd,Pb表现为秋冬时期大于春夏时期,春夏时期的大气降尘重金属含量均超过宁夏土壤背景值; ②研究区不同季节的大气降尘重金属单因子污染指数和地积累指数表明Cd,Cu,Ni,Cr,Hg,Ag,Pb均有一定程度的污染,其中Cu,Pb和Ag污染程度相对较高,Cr污染最小。潜在生态风险评价发现季节顺序为:春季>夏季>冬季>秋季; ③人体健康风险评价表明,大气降尘重金属通过呼吸途径和手口途径引起非致癌健康风险,其风险程度表现为:春季>夏季>冬季>秋季,引起的儿童非致癌健康风险显著大于成人。
结论
2
研究区大气降尘重金属污染具有明显的季节性特征,尾矿重金属在春、夏的污染水平较高,需要在春季及夏季重点控制重金属的释放与扩散,以降低对生态环境和居民健康的影响。此外,儿童面临的非致癌健康风险显著高于成人,需重点考虑儿童的健康防护。
Objective
2
The pollution properties and risks of heavy metals in atmospheric dust at copper-silver mining areas were delineated to provide a scientific underpinning for ecological modeling and risk control in mining areas.
Methods
2
Atmospheric dust fall was collected using dustfall jars during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons at a copper mine tailings accumulation area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Ag) were measured, and multiple assessments, including the single-factor pollution index, geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk assessment, and human health risk assessment models were employed to analyze the seasonal characteristics and risks of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric dust fall.
Results
2
① The overall atmospheric dust deposition in the study area exhibited the following ranking: spring > autumn > summer > winter, with the cumulative heavy metal content of atmospheric dust deposition exhibiting the following ranking: summer > spring > winter > autumn. As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, and Ag contents were higher in spring and summer than autumn and winter. However, Cd and Pb contents were higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer. The heavy metal content of atmospheric dust deposited in spring and summer surpassed the background value in Ningxia region. ② The single-factor pollution index and geoaccumulation index indicated that Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Ag, and Pb in atmospheric dust exhibited varying degrees of pollution across different seasons, with Cu, Pb, and Ag showing relatively higher pollution levels and Cr showing the lowest. The potential ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the seasonal ranking was spring, summer, winter, and autumn. ③ Human health risk assessment revealed that heavy metals in atmospheric dust could cause noncarcinogenic health risks through respiratory and hand-mouth pathways, with a risk level exhibiting the following ranking: spring > summer > winter > autumn. Notably, the noncarcinogenic health risks were markedly greater in children than adults.
Conclusion
2
Heavy metal pollution in atmospheric dust in the study area has apparent seasonal properties, exhibiting distinct seasonal characteristics, with higher pollution levels in spring and summer. It is essential to control the release and dispersion of heavy metals during these seasons to mitigate their impact on the ecological environment and health of residents. Additionally, children face significantly higher non-carcinogenic health risks than adults, necessitating special attention to their health protection.
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