1.青海大学 地质工程系, 青海 西宁 810016
2.青藏高原北缘新生代资源环境重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
3.青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
越大林(2001—),男(汉族),四川省邻水县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地质灾害及其防治。Email:17782282634@163.com。
李国荣(1979—),男(汉族),青海省贵德县人,博士,教授,主要从事生态环境保护及地质灾害防治研究。Email:qdliguorong@163.com。
收稿:2024-11-12,
修回:2025-01-09,
纸质出版:2025-06-10
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越大林, 李国荣, 童生春, 等.青海省高寒草甸退化秃斑土壤风蚀规律[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):36-46.
Yue Dalin, Li Guorong, Tong Shengchun, et al. Soil wind erosion law in degraded bare patches in alpine meadows of Qinghai Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):36-46.
越大林, 李国荣, 童生春, 等.青海省高寒草甸退化秃斑土壤风蚀规律[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):36-46. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.011. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.011..
Yue Dalin, Li Guorong, Tong Shengchun, et al. Soil wind erosion law in degraded bare patches in alpine meadows of Qinghai Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(3):36-46. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.03.011. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.03.011..
目的
2
探究高寒草甸退化秃斑地土壤风蚀规律,为退化草甸区的植被恢复和生态环境保护提供科学依据。
方法
2
选取青海省河南县因高原鼠兔活动而退化形成的秃斑地作为研究对象,在9,12,15 m/s这3种风速条件下,对不同植被覆盖度(0%,20%,40%,60%,80%)的退化秃斑地进行原位模拟风力侵蚀试验,以分析植被盖度在不同风速下对土壤风蚀的影响。
结果
2
①退化秃斑地的土壤风蚀速率随时间推移呈现先急剧下降后趋于平缓的变化趋势(
p
<
0.05)。在总时长为60 min的风蚀试验下,前10 min是土壤风蚀速率变化的敏感期。②3种风速下,植被盖度与总输沙量之间均呈显著负相关的指数函数关系(
R
²=0.98),其指数系数绝对值越大,表明植被覆盖度对风蚀的抑制作用随风速增加而减弱。 ③随着植被盖度的增加,0~5 cm高度范围内输沙量显著降低,且各植被盖度的输沙量均随高度增加而逐渐减少。
结论
2
增加植被盖度能够有效降低风蚀速率和输沙高度,但在较高风速下,植被盖度对风蚀的抑制效果显著减弱,且植被盖度抑制土壤风蚀的关键阈值在40%左右,并随着植被盖度的持续增大,风蚀减少的边际效益逐渐降低。
Objective
2
The law of soil wind erosion in degraded bare patches in alpine meadows was examined to provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological and environmental protection in degraded meadow areas.
Methods
2
Bare patches degraded by plateau pika activity in Henan County, Qinghai Province, China were selected as research subjects. In-situ wind erosion simulation experiments were conducted under three wind speeds of 9, 12, and 15 m/s for degraded bare patches with different vegetation cover levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) to investigate the effects of vegetation cover on soil wind erosion under varying wind speeds.
Results
2
① The soil wind erosion rate for degraded bare patches showed a trend of initially sharp decline followed by stabilization over time (
p
<
0.05). During the 60 min wind erosion experiment, the first 10 min was the sensitive period for changes in the soil wind erosion rate. ② Under all three wind speeds, there was a significant negative exponential relationship between vegetation cover and total sediment transport (
R
² = 0.98). The larger the absolute value of the exponential coefficient, the weaker the inhibitory effect of vegetation cover on wind erosion at higher wind speeds. ③ As vegetation cover increased, the sediment transport within the 0—5 cm height range significantly decreased, and sediment transport at all vegetation cover leve
ls gradually decreased with increasing height.
Conclusion
2
Increasing vegetation cover can effectively reduce wind erosion rates and sediment transport heights. However, at higher wind speeds, the inhibitory effect of vegetation cover on wind erosion significantly weakened. The critical threshold for vegetation cover to inhibit soil wind erosion was approximately 40%. As vegetation cover continued to increase, the marginal benefits of reducing wind erosion gradually diminished.
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