钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价

武昊天; 蓝文超; 徐浙; 吴明; 邵学新

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.001

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钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价

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- 钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价
- Characteristics, source analysis, and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil at Qianjiangyuan National Park
- 水土保持通报 2025年45卷第2期页码：1-11
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江,杭州,311300
  2. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江,杭州,311400
  3. 钱江源国家公园管理局,浙江,衢州,324307
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  钱江源国家公园科技项目“钱江源地役权改革后农田土壤环境监测分析研究”(QZLHKH2023-2,QZLHKH2024-1);中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所创新研究项目(RISFZ-2023-01)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.001
  中图分类号： X53
- 网络首发：2025-05-16，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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武昊天, 蓝文超, 徐浙, 等. 钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2025,45(2):1-11.

Wu Haotian, Lan Wenchao, Xu Zhe, et al. Characteristics, source analysis, and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil at Qianjiangyuan National Park[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2025, 45(2): 1-11.
武昊天, 蓝文超, 徐浙, 等. 钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2025,45(2):1-11. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.001.

Wu Haotian, Lan Wenchao, Xu Zhe, et al. Characteristics, source analysis, and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil at Qianjiangyuan National Park[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2025, 45(2): 1-11. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.02.001.

摘要

[目的] 探究钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属含量特征并评价其污染程度，分析重金属来源及人体的健康风险评价，为研究区域内土壤重金属污染防控和土壤保护提供科学依据。[方法] 采集并测定研究区61个土壤样品中pH值以及重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)的含量，运用一系列指数法、因子分析和聚类分析等方法进行了重金属元素污染特征与生态风险评价和来源解析，同时对研究区内人体健康风险进行评估。[结果] ①研究区内水田表层土壤呈酸性，土壤中Cd，Pb，Hg，Cr，As，Ni，Cu和Zn这8种重金属平均含量分别为0.19，32.74，0.13，67.06，4.43，24.90，21.51，94.60 mg/kg。与浙江省土壤背景值对比发现，重金属Hg，Cr，Ni，Cu，Zn平均含量均超过了浙江省土壤环境背景值，分别是背景值的1.32，1.71，2.0，1.19，1.13倍。②对于风险筛选值来说，虽然Cd的点位超标率达到了6.56%，Ni和Cr的点位超标率分别为3.28%和1.64%，但是以调查的水田重金属含量均值为代表，研究区域中8种重金属含量平均值均小于对应的农用地土壤风险筛选值。③通过因子分析等方法发现，土壤重金属的来源以人为因素占主导，人为与自然两者综合作用；儿童的综合致癌健康风险处于可耐受风险。[结论] 钱江源国家公园水田土壤重金属污染程度较低，整体呈轻度生态风险，但存在Cr和Ni元素的污染风险；重金属元素As是影响人体健康的主要致癌因素。

Abstract

[Objective] The characteristics of heavy metal content in paddy soil at Qianjiangyuan National Park were explored

and its pollution level was assessed. The sources of heavy metals were analyzed

and the associated human health risks were evaluated

in order to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution and soil protection. [Methods] The pH value and contents of heavy metals

including Cd

and Zn

of 61 soil samples were determined. Index

factor and cluster analyses were employed to assess the characteristics of and ecological risks posed by the heavy metal pollution

analyze their sources

and evaluate human health risks. [Results] ① The surface soil of the paddy fields was acidic. The average Cd

and Zn contents were 0.19

32.74

0.13

67.06

4.43

24.90

21.51

and 94.60 mg/kg

respectively. The average contents of Hg

and Zn exceeded the Zhejiang provincial soil background values by 1.32

1.71

1.19

and 1.13 times

respectively. ② The average contents of the eight heavy metals were lower than the corresponding risk screening values for agricultural land soil

as represented by the average heavy metal content in the paddy fields. The exceedance rates of sampling points for Cd

and Cr were 6.56%

3.28%

and 1.64%

respectively. ③ The results of factor analysis and the other methods showed that the soil heavy metal sources were predominantly anthropogenic and were the result of a combination of human and natural influences. The overall carcinogenic health risk for children was deemed tolerable. [Conclusion] The level of heavy metal pollution in the paddy soil at Qianjiangyuan National Park was low

as was the overall ecological risk. However

pollution risks were associated with Cr and Ni. The heavy metal As is the primary carcinogenic factor affecting human health.

关键词

Keywords

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