陕西省延安市主要作物生育期降水量和需水量的关系

炎艺霖; 戈文艳; 王飞

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.040

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陕西省延安市主要作物生育期降水量和需水量的关系

试验研究

- 陕西省延安市主要作物生育期降水量和需水量的关系
- Relationship between Precipitation and Water Requirement During Growth Period of Major Crops in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第6期页码：399-408
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中科院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合资助项目“黄土高原极端暴雨土壤侵蚀致灾及蓄排协调防控机制”(U2243213)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.040
  中图分类号： S164;S274
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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炎艺霖, 戈文艳, 王飞. 陕西省延安市主要作物生育期降水量和需水量的关系[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):399-408.

Yan Yilin, Ge Wenyan, Wang Fei. Relationship between Precipitation and Water Requirement During Growth Period of Major Crops in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 399-408.
炎艺霖, 戈文艳, 王飞. 陕西省延安市主要作物生育期降水量和需水量的关系[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):399-408. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.040.

Yan Yilin, Ge Wenyan, Wang Fei. Relationship between Precipitation and Water Requirement During Growth Period of Major Crops in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 399-408. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.040.

摘要

[目的] 研究陕西省延安市主要作物水分供需特征，为该地区作物需水研究和作物种植结构调整提供参考。[方法] 基于延安地区气象站的逐日气象观测资料(2000—2020年)，采用FAO-56公式和作物系数法对该区主要作物(春玉米、春谷子、马铃薯和冬小麦)生育期内需水量、有效降水量和灌溉需水量的变化特征及作物水分供需进行了研究。[结果] 2000—2020年延安地区春玉米生育中期需水量和有效降水量最大，分别为247.85 mm和68.34 mm；缺水量以6.61 mm/10 a的速率增加。马铃薯生育中期需水量和有效降水量最大，分别为288.83 mm和89.53 mm；缺水量以5.75 mm/10 a的速率增加。春谷子在生育中期需水量和有效降水量最大，分别为248.29 mm和71.68 mm；缺水量以-7.0 mm/10 a的速率减少。冬小麦在快速发育期需水量最大，为192.98 mm，有效降水量在生育初期达到峰值，为31.14 mm；缺水量以9.94 mm/10 a的速率增加。主要作物即使在有效降水达到峰值的情况下，作物生长对水分的需求仍然亏缺。[结论] 应采取减少春玉米种植面积，增加春谷子和马铃薯种植面积等措施改善作物种植结构，或增加田间集水设施以提高雨水资源利用效率，从而保障延安地区粮食生产的可持续发展。

Abstract

[Objective] The characteristics of water supply and demand for major crops in Yan’an City were investigated to provide references for the water requirements of crops and the structure of crop planting in the region. [Methods] Based on daily meteorological observation data from meteorological stations in the Yan’an City (from 2000 to 2020)

the FAO-56 formula and crop coefficient method were used to study the characteristics of water requirements

effective precipitation

and irrigation water demand during the growth period of major crops (spring maize

spring millet

potatoes

and winter wheat) in the region. [Results] From 2000 to 2020

spring maize in the Yan’an City had the highest water requirement and effective precipitation during the mid-growing stage

which were 247.85 mm and 68.34 mm

respectively

with a water deficit increasing at a rate of 6.61 mm per decade. Potatoes also had the highest water requirement and effective precipitation during the mid-growing stage

which were 288.83 mm and 89.53 mm

respectively

with a water deficit increasing at a rate of 5.75 mm per decade. Meanwhile

spring millet had the highest water requirement and effective precipitation during the mid-growing stage

which were 248.29 mm and 71.68 mm

respectively

with a water deficit decreasing at a rate of -7.0 mm per decade. Winter wheat had the highest water requirement during the rapid development stage

at 192.98 mm

with effective precipitation peaking in the early growth stage at 31.14 mm; the water deficit increased at a rate of 9.94 mm per decade. This indicates that even when effective precipitation reaches its peak

water demand for crop growth remains deficient. [Conclusion] The planting area of spring maize should be reduced

and that of spring millet and potatoes should be expanded

to improve the structure of crop planting. Additionally

increasing on-farm water collection measures can enhance the efficiency of rainwater resource utilization

ensuring sustainable development of food production in the Yan’an City.

关键词

Keywords

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