中国七大流域水资源供需平衡及其可持续性

杨丹荔; 李益彬; 李雪梅; 胡艳; 舒树淼

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.028

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中国七大流域水资源供需平衡及其可持续性

试验研究

- 中国七大流域水资源供需平衡及其可持续性
- Supply and Demand Balance of Water Resources and Its Sustainability in Seven River Basins of China
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第6期页码：269-277
- 作者机构：
  
  内江师范学院沱江流域高质量发展研究中心,四川,内江,641100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  四川省哲学社会科学“十四五”规划项目“沱江流域水生态承载力的可持续发展研究”(SC22EZD057);四川省社会科学重点研究基地项目(TJGZL2022-03)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.028
  中图分类号： TV211.1;TV213.4
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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杨丹荔, 李益彬, 李雪梅, 等. 中国七大流域水资源供需平衡及其可持续性[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):269-277.

Yang Danli, Li Yibin, Li Xuemei, et al. Supply and Demand Balance of Water Resources and Its Sustainability in Seven River Basins of China[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 269-277.
杨丹荔, 李益彬, 李雪梅, 等. 中国七大流域水资源供需平衡及其可持续性[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):269-277. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.028.

Yang Danli, Li Yibin, Li Xuemei, et al. Supply and Demand Balance of Water Resources and Its Sustainability in Seven River Basins of China[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 269-277. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.028.

摘要

[目的

]

探究中国七大流域水资源供需平衡及可持续现状，为各流域未来制定水资源的综合管理和科学配置等方案提供参考。[方法

]

基于水资源生态足迹法，研究中国七大流域2014—2022年水资源生态足迹和水资源生态承载力，并利用基于水资源生态足迹的可持续评价指标揭示七大流域水资源可持续现状。[结果

]

①中国七大流域人均水资源生态足迹总体呈下降趋势，其中松花江、长江、珠江和海河分别在农业用水、工业用水、生活用水和生态用水中比例最高达82.86%，33.32%，19.87%和12.38%。②珠江人均水资源生态承载力最高达19.89 hm

/人，而海河最低仅为0.03 hm

/人，且受气候异常的影响，2020—2022年各流域水资源生态承载力波动较大。③研究时段内，长江、珠江和松花江总体为水资源生态盈余且珠江2016年水资源生态盈余最大达18.21 hm

/人，淮河和辽河从水资源生态赤字转为水资源生态盈余，黄河和海河均为水资源生态赤字且黄河2015年水资源生态赤字最大达-0.62 hm

/人。④水资源可持续发展指标表明黄河和海河水资源生态压力较大，常年处于水资源不可持续状态，珠江水资源协调性较差且水资源整体利用效率不高。[结论

]

目前长江、珠江、松花江、淮河和辽河水资源基本保持供需平衡关系，黄河和海河常年处于需求大于供给的状态，未来应建立国家层面和流域层面的水资源规划方案，促进流域水资源的合理利用，支撑流域沿岸经济社会的可持续发展。

Abstract

[Objective] The balance and sustainable status of water resources supply and demand in seven river basins in China were examined aiming to provide a reference for the future development of integrated management and scientific allocation of water resources. [Methods] Using the water resources ecological footprint method

this study examined the water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of seven river basins in China between 2014 and 2022. The status of water resource sustainability was revealed by using the sustainability evaluation index based on water resources’ ecological footprint. [Results] ① The per capita ecological footprint of water resources in China’s seven major river basins showed a downward trend

among which Songhua River

Yangtze River

Pearl River

and Haihe River accounted for 82.86%

33.32%

19.87%

and 12.38% of agricultural water

industrial water

domestic water

and ecological water

respectively. ② The highest per capita carrying capacity was that of the Pearl River at 19.89 hm2/person

whereas the lowest was only 0.03 hm2/person for the Haihe River. Affected by climate anomalies

the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in each basin oscillated considerably from 2020 to 2022. ③ During the study period

the Yangtze

Pearl

and Songhua rivers had a total water resources ecological surplus

with the Pearl River having the largest water resources ecological surplus of 18.21 hm2/person in 2016. The Huaihe and Liaohe rivers went from a water resources ecological deficit to a surplus. The Yellow and Haihe rivers had a water resources ecological deficit

with the Yellow River having the largest water resources ecological deficit of -0.62 hm2/person in 2015. ④ The indicators of sustainable development of water resources implied that the Yellow and Haihe rivers were under greater ecological pressure from water resources and in a state of unsustainable water resources throughout the year

whereas the Pearl River had poor water resource coordination and overall low water use efficiency. [Conclusion] Currently

the balance between the supply and demand of water resources in the Yangtze

Pearl

Songhua

Huaihe

and Liaohe rivers is maintained

whereas the demand of the Yellow and Haihe rivers is always greater than the supply. In the future

water resources planning schemes at the national and basin levels should be established to promote rational utilization of water resources and support sustainable economic and social development in the basin.

关键词

Keywords

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