侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度及富集影响的研究进展

张峰; 陈佳; 范萍萍; 牛勇; 方怒放; 吴泽燕; 谭廷俊; 龙文涛; 邰良

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.024

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侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度及富集影响的研究进展

试验研究

- 侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度及富集影响的研究进展
- Research Progress on Effects of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation on Form, Concentration and Enrichment of Heavy Metals
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第6期页码：222-236
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 贵州大学农学院,贵州,贵阳,550025
  2. 自然资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室,广西,桂林,541004
  3. 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西,桂林,541004
  4. 广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广西,桂林,541004
  5. 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“喀斯特地质高背景区坡耕地土壤侵蚀对Cd迁移的作用机制”(42367047);自然资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室开放基金专项/广西岩溶动力学重大科技创新基地开放课题“喀斯特区浅层岩溶裂隙土壤漏失对Cd迁移的影响机制”(YRSW-2023-086);中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金“地球化学异常区坡耕地地表/地下土壤侵蚀对镉迁移的影响规律”(F2010121002-202416)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.024
  中图分类号： X53;S157
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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张峰, 陈佳, 范萍萍, 等. 侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度及富集影响的研究进展[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):222-236.

Zhang Feng, Chen Jia, Fan Pingping, et al. Research Progress on Effects of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation on Form, Concentration and Enrichment of Heavy Metals[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 222-236.
张峰, 陈佳, 范萍萍, 等. 侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度及富集影响的研究进展[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):222-236. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.024.

Zhang Feng, Chen Jia, Fan Pingping, et al. Research Progress on Effects of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation on Form, Concentration and Enrichment of Heavy Metals[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 222-236. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.024.

摘要

[目的] 探讨侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度和富集的作用规律，旨在明晰侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属形态、浓度和富集的影响机制，为流域土壤重金属污染防治提供科学依据。[方法] 基于国内外有关侵蚀—沉积对土壤重金属影响的相关文章，借助CiteSpace和VOSveiwer软件对侵蚀—沉积过程中影响土壤重金属的知识图谱进行研究，并对相关研究成果进行系统分析。[结果] ①近30 a侵蚀—沉积与重金属的研究呈上升趋势。在2017—2023年迅猛上升，地球化学特征、生态风险评价、源解析、迁移转化等是侵蚀—沉积与重金属研究的热点。②侵蚀过程中降雨促使重金属由颗粒态向溶解态转化。径流导致土壤重金属含量的空间分异，沉积环境中土壤团聚体和黏粒含量影响重金属分布和富集。③有机质对重金属具有双重作用。既能吸附游离态重金属离子，降低土壤重金属的交换态含量，又能与重金属发生络合作用，提高重金属的有机结合态含量。④pH值对重金属形态的转化具有显著影响。酸性条件下促进重金属离子间络合、沉淀等作用；而碱性条件下土壤颗粒表面正电荷增加与重金属离子所带正电荷相排斥，进而影响土壤颗粒表面对重金属离子的吸附。⑤土壤水分影响重金属的还原释放。土壤水分越高重金属的溶解度越大，但过量的水分会导致氧气不足，降低氧化还原电位(Eh)，Eh的变化直接影响土壤铁锰氧化物和硫化物的稳定性，进而造成重金属浓度变化。[结论] 侵蚀—沉积过程中土壤重金属赋存形态、浓度变化和富集特征受多种环境因子共同作用，呈现侵蚀区到沉积区显著的差异，未来研究应关注侵蚀—沉积过程中重金属动态演化监测的新技术与新方法的开发；侵蚀—沉积过程对重金属的赋存形态、浓度变化和富集特征的内在联系机制的研究；不同因素在侵蚀—沉积过程中对重金属的交互影响，以期为土壤重金属污染的防控提供更加精准的策略。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of soil erosion and sedimentation on the form

concentration

and enrichment of heavy metals were explored

and the mechanism of the influence of soil erosion and sedimentation on the form

concentration and enrichment of heavy metals were studied

in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution in river basins. [Methods] Based on relevant domestic and foreign studies about the influence of erosion-deposition on soil heavy metals

CiteSpace and VOSveiwer software were used to study the knowledge map of the influence of soil heavy metals during erosion-deposition and the relevant research results were systematically analyzed. [Results] ① The research on erosion-sedimentation and heavy metals has shown an upward trend in the past 30 years

increasing rapidly from 2017 to 2023

and geochemical characteristics

ecological risk assessment

source analysis

migration

and transformation are the hot spots in the research area. ② During the erosion process

rainfall promoted the transformation of heavy metals from a granular state to a dissolved state

runoff led to the spatial differentiation of soil heavy metal content

and soil aggregate and clay content in the sedimentary environment affected the distribution and enrichment of heavy metals. ③ Organic matter has dual effects on heavy metals: it can adsorb free heavy metal ions and reduce the exchange state content of heavy metals in soil. In addition

it can also have complexation with heavy metals and increase the organic binding state content of heavy metals. ④ The pH value has a significant effect on the transformation of heavy metal forms. Under acidic conditions

the complexation and precipitation of heavy metal ions are promoted. In contrast

under alkaline conditions

the positive charge on the surface of soil particles repels the positive charge carried by heavy metal ions

thus affecting the adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of soil particles. ⑤ Soil water affects the reduction and release of heavy metals. The higher the soil water

the greater the solubility of heavy metals

but excessive water will lead to insufficient oxygen and reduce the REDOX potential (Eh). The change of Eh directly affects the stability of iron and manganese oxides and sulfides in soil

causing changes in heavy metal concentration. [Conclusion] The occurrence forms

concentration changes

and enrichment characteristics of soil heavy metals during the erosion-deposition process are affected by various environmental factors

showing significant differences from erosion area to sedimentary area. Future studies should focus on the development of new technologies and new methods for monitoring the dynamic evolution of heavy metals during the erosion-deposition process. To provide more accurate strategies for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution

a study on the internal relation mechanism of the occurrence form

concentration change

and enrichment characteristics of heavy metals during the erosion-sedimentation process and interaction effects of different factors on heavy metals during erosion-deposition should be conducted.

关键词

Keywords

references

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