三江源区土壤侵蚀野外调查报告

崔志伟; 李鹏; 马建业; 肖列; 李琛阳; 王周; 杨秀玲; 宁静; 李洁

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.012

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三江源区土壤侵蚀野外调查报告

试验研究

- 三江源区土壤侵蚀野外调查报告
- Report on Field Survey of Soil Erosion in Three-River-Source Region
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第6期页码：106-117
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西,西安,710048
  2. 西安理工大学旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室,陕西,西安,710048
  3. 国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院,西安,710041
  4. 青海省林业和草原局,青海,西宁,810008
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金清华大学联合基金项目“黄河中游水系格局与河流形态变化及水沙效应”(U2243201);国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院科研项目“三江源地区低盖度灌木林生态服务功能调查及研究项目”(104-441123174)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.012
  中图分类号： S157
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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崔志伟, 李鹏, 马建业, 等. 三江源区土壤侵蚀野外调查报告[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):106-117.

Cui Zhiwei, Li Peng, Ma Jianye, et al. Report on Field Survey of Soil Erosion in Three-River-Source Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 106-117.
崔志伟, 李鹏, 马建业, 等. 三江源区土壤侵蚀野外调查报告[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(6):106-117. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.012.

Cui Zhiwei, Li Peng, Ma Jianye, et al. Report on Field Survey of Soil Erosion in Three-River-Source Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(6): 106-117. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.06.012.

摘要

[目的] 现场调查三江源区土壤侵蚀状况，旨在为该区域今后水土流失防治提供参考。[方法] 调查组在2023年7月25日至8月20日，分3组分别前往青海省的果洛州、玉树州、海南州和黄南州，对上述区域的林地、草地、农田、裸地、道路、河流岸坡、山区沟谷进行了调查和分析。[结果] 草地的土壤侵蚀类型最为复杂，受到风蚀、水蚀、冻融侵蚀和重力侵蚀等多营力侵蚀的共同作用，造成了其水土流失严重。此外，高原鼠害对草地破坏可能是草地侵蚀发生另一重要因素；乔木林地常在林下出现侵蚀细沟，但是由于工程护坡的作用下，发生侵蚀风险整体偏小；灌木林地所在坡面的坡脚处，受到水力侵蚀和重力侵蚀的影响较大，侵蚀风险较大；农田虽然分布面积较少，但是在田埂部分发生轻度的水蚀；对于裸地，细沟侵蚀较为剧烈，水土流失严重；值得注意的是，在道路两侧，边坡侵蚀较为严重，工程开挖导致草皮破坏，在重力的作用下发生滑塌，出现较大的裸露面，为水蚀的发生提供了条件，导致部分区域已经形成了较大的侵蚀沟网。[结论] 青海省三江源区域土壤侵蚀类型复杂多样，随着人类活动的加剧，局部区域水土流失有进一步加剧的风险，亟需开展新时期的水土保持工作，需要在该区域加强土壤侵蚀基础研究，加强水土保持监测站网的布设，智能化管理等。

Abstract

[Purpose] Field investigations were carried in the three-river-source region

to provide a reference for soil erosion prevention and control in the region. [Methods] The investigation team travelled to Guoluo

Yushu

Hainan

and Huangnan Prefectures in Qinghai Province in three separate groups from July 25 to August 20

2023. Woodlands

grasslands

farmlands

bare lands

roads

riverbanks

and mountain gullies in these areas were surveyed and analyzed. [Results] Grassland had the most complex type of soil erosion and was subjected to the joint action of multiple camp-force erosions such as wind erosion

water erosion

freezing and thawing erosion

and gravity erosion

resulting in serious soil erosion. In addition

grassland damage by highland rodents may be another important factor in the occurrence of grassland erosion. Forestland had erosion gullies in the standing forest; however

the overall risk of erosion was low due to engineered slope protection. The foot of the slope on which the shrub land is situated was more exposed to hydraulic and gravitational erosion and was at greater risk of erosion. The farmland was spread over a small area

with mild water erosion occurred in the field. For bare ground

fine gully erosion was more intense

and soil erosion was serious. Notably

on both sides of the road

the slopes were more severely eroded

and the excavation of the project has led to the destruction of the turf

sliding under gravity

and the emergence of larger exposed surfaces

which provide conditions for the occurrence of water erosion

leading to a larger network of erosion gullies that have already formed in some areas. [Conclusion] Soil erosion in the three-river-source region of Qinghai Province is complex and varied

with the intensification of human activities and the risk of further exacerbation of soil erosion in localized areas. There is an urgent need to conduct soil and water conservation work in the new era

and there is a need to strengthen basic research on soil erosion in the region

the deployment of the network of soil and water conservation monitoring stations

and intelligent management.

关键词

Keywords

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