西安市生产建设项目水土流失评价

王诗雨; 霍春平; 张青峰; 李莹莹

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.019

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西安市生产建设项目水土流失评价

试验研究

- 西安市生产建设项目水土流失评价
- Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss in Urban Production and Construction Projects in Xi’an City
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第5期页码：173-182
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西安市水利水土保持工作总站,陕西,西安,710018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目“陕北黄土高原侵蚀分形特征”(2021JZ-17)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.019
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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王诗雨, 霍春平, 张青峰, 等. 西安市生产建设项目水土流失评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(5):173-182.

Wang Shiyu, Huo Chunping, Zhang Qingfeng, et al. Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss in Urban Production and Construction Projects in Xi’an City[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(5): 173-182.
王诗雨, 霍春平, 张青峰, 等. 西安市生产建设项目水土流失评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(5):173-182. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.019.

Wang Shiyu, Huo Chunping, Zhang Qingfeng, et al. Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss in Urban Production and Construction Projects in Xi’an City[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(5): 173-182. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.019.

摘要

[目的

]

探明西安市城市生产建设项目水土流失特征及不同水土保持措施效应，进而为改善西安市水土流失环境、制定更加精确有效的政策及措施提供科学依据。[方法

]

以西安市2022年84个生产建设项目为例，构建包含水损失比、土壤侵蚀比和绿地比3个指标在内的城市生产建设项目水土流失评价体系，采用TOPSIS法对不同项目水土流失风险进行评估。[结果

]

①城市生产建设项目的地表变化主要以农村宅基地、草地、空闲地和耕地向建设用地转变，其中，以农村宅基地的转出为主，约占总转变面积的70%。②83%的生产建设项目绿地比有所增加；61%的生产建设项目径流损失呈现减少趋势并表现为：新建房地产＜商业服务＜教育医疗＜市政设施＜城中村改造项目；54%的生产建设项目土壤侵蚀风险降低，并在耕地、草地、空闲地中新建项目减轻土壤侵蚀的程度尤为突出，而城中村改造会加剧区域土壤侵蚀程度；所有项目的水损失量平均减少3.58×10

，年土壤侵蚀量平均减少了169.05 t。③西安市生产建设项目水土流失风险可划分为高、中等、较低、低4个等级。低和较低等级项目占总数的69%并以城中村改造类项目为主；高风险等级项目均为占用草地项目。[结论

]

西安市生产建设项目的水土流失防治效果显著，但仍有较大提升空间，未来应进一步加强项目水土流失风险管理。

Abstract

[Objective] The characteristics of soil and water loss and the effects of different soil and water conservation measures in Xi’an urban production and construction projects were investigated to provide scientific basis for improving the soil and water loss environment in Xi’an City and formulating more accurate and effective policies and measures. [Methods] Eighty-four production and construction projects in Xi’an City in 2022 were used as case studies

and a soil erosion evaluation system

which included three indicators such as water loss ratio

soil erosion ratio

and green space ratio

was constructed. The TOPSIS method was used to assess the water and soil loss risks associated with each project. [Results] ① The surface changes mainly shifted from rural homesteads

grasslands

idle land

and cultivated land to construction land. Among these changes

the conversion of rural homesteads constituted the primary form

accounting for approximately 70% of the total transfer area. ② Green space ratio increased in 83% of urban production and construction projects. Among the production and construction projects

there was a decreasing trend in the runoff losses observed in 61% of the cases in the order as follows: new real estate ＜ commercial services ＜ education and medical care ＜ municipal facilities ＜ urban village renovation projects. Approximately 54% of the production and construction projects successfully reduced soil erosion risks

with significant reductions observed in new real estate projects on cultivated land

grasslands

and idle land. But urban village renovation projects can increase regional soil erosion levels. The average reduction in water loss in all the projects was 3.58×104 m3

and the average annual soil erosion decreased by 169.05 tons. ③ The risk of soil erosion in production and construction projects in Xi’an City were classified into four levels: high

medium

low

and very low. The projects classified as low and very low levels accounted for 69% of the total

with a particular focus on urban village renovation projects. All the projects involved in the occupation of grassland were classified as high risk. [Conclusion] Production and construction projects in Xi’an City have shown significant effectiveness in preventing soil and water erosion; however

they need to be improved further. In the future

it will be necessary to further strengthen the management of soil and water erosion risks in these projects.

关键词

Keywords

references

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