特大暴雨下残垣丘陵沟壑区水土流失与梯田措施效益评价

赵妍; 周珊珊; 高云飞; 王满; 靳琪; 刘姗姗

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.011

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特大暴雨下残垣丘陵沟壑区水土流失与梯田措施效益评价

试验研究

- 特大暴雨下残垣丘陵沟壑区水土流失与梯田措施效益评价
- Benefits Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss and Terrace Measures in Hilly and Gully Areas of Torrential Rainfall
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第5期页码：92-99
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 黄河上中游管理局,陕西,西安,710021
  2. 黄河水土保持天水治理监督局,甘肃,天水,741000
  3. 黄河水土保持西峰治理监督局, 甘肃西峰,745000
  4. 榆林市水旱灾害防御中心,陕西,榆林,719000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金委黄河水科学研究联合基金项目“黄土高原水土保持措施潜力及其对河流水沙的调控机制”(U2243211)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.011
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵妍, 周珊珊, 高云飞, 等. 特大暴雨下残垣丘陵沟壑区水土流失与梯田措施效益评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(5):92-99.

Zhao Yan, Zhou Shanshan, Gao Yunfei, et al. Benefits Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss and Terrace Measures in Hilly and Gully Areas of Torrential Rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(5): 92-99.
赵妍, 周珊珊, 高云飞, 等. 特大暴雨下残垣丘陵沟壑区水土流失与梯田措施效益评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(5):92-99. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.011.

Zhao Yan, Zhou Shanshan, Gao Yunfei, et al. Benefits Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss and Terrace Measures in Hilly and Gully Areas of Torrential Rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(5): 92-99. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.05.011.

摘要

[目的

]

开展场次暴雨水土流失评估与措施效益评价，分析暴雨造成的土壤侵蚀状况，评价梯田措施效益，为常规水土流失动态监测提供有效补充。[方法

]

以甘肃“2022·7·15”特大暴雨发生地庆城县和暴雨中心湫沟小流域为研究区，利用日降雨量数据与全国水土流失动态监测项目相关成果，基于次暴雨降雨侵蚀力，采用改进的CSLE模型计算土壤侵蚀模数，分析暴雨降雨侵蚀力与多年均降雨条件下全年降雨侵蚀力的关系，以及次暴雨条件下不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀强度等级的空间分布，探讨梯田对区域水土流失的影响。[结果

]

庆城县该次暴雨产生的降雨侵蚀力达到多年均降雨条件下全年降雨侵蚀力的1.85倍，暴雨中心降雨侵蚀力达到多年均降雨条件下全年降雨侵蚀力的4.88倍。暴雨造成的强烈级以上土壤侵蚀面积是2021年全年强烈级以上土壤侵蚀面积的3.46倍，暴雨中心达6.93倍。场次特大暴雨造成的强烈以上等级土壤侵蚀主要分布在旱地、草地和灌木林地。庆城县现状梯田面积325 km

，相较于无梯田措施情景，县域土壤侵蚀量减幅达72.87%。[结论

]

加强退耕还林还草、坡耕地综合整治、旱作梯田建设等水土保持工作，是特大暴雨条件下水土流失灾害防治的有效手段。

Abstract

[Objective] This study assessed of soil and water loss and evaluation of the benefits of measures caused by rainstorms. Soil erosion caused by rainstorms was analyzed

and the benefits of terrace measures were evaluated to provide an effective supplement for the dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss. [Methods] The Qingcheng County and Qiugou small watershed of the rainstorm (2022·7·15) center in Gansu Province were used as the research areas based on daily rainfall data and the results of the national dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss projects. An improved Chinese soil loss equation(CSLE) model was used to calculate the soil erosion modulus based on the rainfall erosivity of rainstorms. The relationship between rainfall erosivity of the rainstorm and annual rainfall erosivity under the condition of multiannual average rainfall was analyzed. The spatial distribution of the soil erosion intensity grades of different land-use types under rainstorm conditions was further analyzed

and the influence of terraces on regional soil erosion was discussed. [Results] The rainfall erosivity generated by this rainstorm in Qingcheng County reached 1.85 times the annual rainfall erosivity under the condition of multiyear average rainfall

and the rainfall erosivity of the rainstorm center reached 4.88 times the annual rainfall erosivity under the condition of multiyear average rainfall. The area of soil erosion above the strong level caused by rainstorms was 3.46 times

and the rainstorm center was 6.93 times that of the soil erosion above the strong level in 2021. Strong soil erosion caused by heavy rainstorms was primarily distributed in dry lands

grasslands

and shrubs. The current terrace area of Qingcheng County is 325 km2. The amount of soil erosion in the county decreased by 72.87% compared to the situation without terrace measures. [Conclusion] Strengthening soil and water conservation work

such as returning farmland to forest and grassland

comprehensively improving sloped farmland

and constructing dry terraces

is an effective means of preventing and controlling soil and water loss disasters under heavy rainstorm conditions.

关键词

Keywords

references

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