山水林田湖草沙系统治理与水土保持高质量发展

胡春宏; 张晓明

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.04.044

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山水林田湖草沙系统治理与水土保持高质量发展

试验研究

- 山水林田湖草沙系统治理与水土保持高质量发展
- Relationship of Systematic Management of Mountains, Waters, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes, Grasses and Sands with High-quality Development of Soil and Water Conservation
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第4期页码：441-447
- 作者机构：
  
  流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 中国水利水电科学研究院,北京,100048
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目课题“风水复合侵蚀产沙过程的能量机制”(2022YFF1300801);国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原水土保持碳汇机理与潜力评估”(52379082)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.04.044
  中图分类号： S157;X321
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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胡春宏, 张晓明. 山水林田湖草沙系统治理与水土保持高质量发展[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(4):441-447.

Hu Chunhong, Zhang Xiaoming. Relationship of Systematic Management of Mountains, Waters, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes, Grasses and Sands with High-quality Development of Soil and Water Conservation[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(4): 441-447.
胡春宏, 张晓明. 山水林田湖草沙系统治理与水土保持高质量发展[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(4):441-447. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.04.044.

Hu Chunhong, Zhang Xiaoming. Relationship of Systematic Management of Mountains, Waters, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes, Grasses and Sands with High-quality Development of Soil and Water Conservation[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(4): 441-447. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.04.044.

摘要

[目的] 中国水土流失治理已由“全面治理，重点治理”迈向“系统治理，攻坚克难”的新阶段。分析山水林田湖草沙系统治理的内涵、准则及其与水土保持的关系，旨在丰富新时代水土保持理论体系，引领水土保持高质量发展。[方法] 在长期理论探索和实践验证的基础上，梳理山水林田湖草沙系统治理理念的发展过程，阐明其内涵、目标与实践准则。[结果] 水土流失长期治理实践总结提升形成的以小流域为单元的综合治理技术路线是山水林田湖草沙生命共同体系统思想最朴素的实践体现。小流域综合治理的系统性主要体现为治理对象的系统协调，总体布局的系统统筹，治理措施的系统考量，治理成效的多效益兼顾，实施和管理的多部门协同和多主体参与的共治共享6个方面。水土保持高质量发展实践需要遵循的基于系统治理理念的具体举措包括：利用系统思维理解水土保持高质量发展的内涵和要求，精准诊断山水林田湖草沙系统短板及其控制性要素，构建山水林田湖草沙多层次全方位立体化防控体系，构筑完备的水土保持管理与技术保障体系。[结论] 在新的历史时期，应该完整准确理解并全面贯彻落实山水林田湖草沙系统治理的理念，探索整体提升水土保持学术研究水平和治理效能的新路径、新模式、新机制。同时应结合区域或流域实际，对农田、水利、牧业、林业及生产建设活动进行全面综合系统的规划和治理，推动水土保持高质量发展。

Abstract

[Objective] China’s soil erosion management has shifted from “comprehensive management

key management” to a new stage of “systematic management

overcome difficulties and challenges”. The concept and criterias of systematic management with mountains

waters

forests

farmlands

lakes

grasses and sands， and its relationship with soil and water conservation were analyzed

to provide references for enriching the theoretical system of soil and water conservation in the new period. Therefore

to lead high-quality development of soil and water conservation. [Methods] On the basis of long-term theoretical exploration and practical verification

the development process of the concept of mountains

rivers

forests

farmlands

lakes

grasses and sands systematic management has been organised

and its connotation

objectives

and practical guidelines have been elaborated. [Results] A comprehensive management technology route with small watersheds as a unit

formed by summarising and improving the long-term practice of soil and water loss management

is the simplest practical embodiment of the systematic thought of the life community in mountains

rivers

forests

farmlands

lakes

grasses

and sands. The systematicness of the integrated management of small watersheds is mainly reflected by six aspects: systematic coordination of governance objects

systematic integration of the overall layout

systematic coordination of governance measures

multi-benefit balance of governance effectiveness

multi-sectoral synergy of implementation and management

and multi-agent participation in shared governance. Specific initiatives based on the concept of systematic governance that need to be followed for the high-quality development of soil and water conservation include: using systematic thinking to understand the connotation and requirements for the high-quality development of soil and water conservation; accurately diagnosing the controlling elements of mountains

rivers

forests

farmlands

lakes

grasses and sands systems; constructing a multi-level

all-round

three-dimensional prevention and control system for mountains

rivers

forests

farmlands

lakes

grasses

and sands; and constructing a complete soil and water conservation management and technical guarantee system. [Conclusion] During the new period

the concept of systematic management of mountains

rivers

forests

farmlands

lakes

grasses

and sands should be completely and accurately understood and fully implemented

and new paths

modes

and mechanisms should be evaluated to enhance the level of academic research on soil and water conservation and effectiveness of governance as a whole. Simultaneously

comprehensive and systematic planning and management of farmland

water conservancy

animal husbandry

forestry

production

and construction activities should be conducted in combination with regional specific conditions to promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation.

关键词

Keywords

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