西藏“一江两河”地区水力侵蚀的时空分异规律

李浩然; 郝连安; 张秀梅; 王晨光; 张怡捷; 马波

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.02.030

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西藏“一江两河”地区水力侵蚀的时空分异规律

试验研究

- 西藏“一江两河”地区水力侵蚀的时空分异规律
- Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Erosion in Yarlung Zangbo, Nyangqu and Lhasa Rivers Area of Xizang Autonomous Region
- 水土保持通报 2024年44卷第2期页码：291-301
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南,长沙,410014
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设”子课题“土壤侵蚀定量评价与分区防控对策”;国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原北部冻融作用下物理结皮特性变化对风蚀的影响机理”(XDA20040202;42277342)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.02.030
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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李浩然, 郝连安, 张秀梅, 等. 西藏“一江两河”地区水力侵蚀的时空分异规律[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(2):291-301.

Li Haoran, Hao Lianan, Zhang Xiumei, et al. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Erosion in Yarlung Zangbo, Nyangqu and Lhasa Rivers Area of Xizang Autonomous Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(2): 291-301.
李浩然, 郝连安, 张秀梅, 等. 西藏“一江两河”地区水力侵蚀的时空分异规律[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024,44(2):291-301. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.02.030.

Li Haoran, Hao Lianan, Zhang Xiumei, et al. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Erosion in Yarlung Zangbo, Nyangqu and Lhasa Rivers Area of Xizang Autonomous Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2024, 44(2): 291-301. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.02.030.

摘要

[目的

]

对西藏自治区“一江两河”地区土壤侵蚀强度及其时空分异规律进行分析，为该地区土壤侵蚀防治与生态治理提供科学依据。[方法

]

基于降雨、数字高程模型DEM、土壤、植被及土地覆被等数据，利用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)及空间信息技术(GIS)等方法估算研究区1995，2005，2015和2020年的土壤侵蚀模数并进行土壤侵蚀强度分级，分析“一江两河”地区土壤侵蚀强度时空变化特征，阐明水土流失面积变化规律。 [结果

]

①“一江两河”地区平均土壤侵蚀模数为30.35 t/(hm

·a)，随时间呈先增加后降低的总体趋势，且土壤侵蚀模数呈减少趋势的区域面积逐年增加。 ②研究区土壤侵蚀强度呈西高东低的趋势，以轻度和微度为主，面积比例总和达70%及以上，各等级土壤侵蚀面积转移以中度侵蚀→轻度侵蚀为主。 ③流域内水土流失面积比例总体呈现减小趋势，谢通门县、拉孜县为侵蚀风险较高的区域。 [结论

]

“一江两河”地区土壤侵蚀具有较强的时空分异性，中部地区土壤侵蚀风险较高，水土保持治理亟需加强。

Abstract

[Objective] The intensity of soil erosion and its spatial and temporal variation in the Yarlung Zangbo

Nyangqu and Lhasa rivers (referred as “YNL rivers”) area of Xizang Autonomous Region were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for soil erosion control and ecological management in the area. [Methods] Rainfall

digital elevation model (DEM)

soil

vegetation

and land cover data were acquired and used with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the soil erosion modulus in the study area in 1995

2005

2015

and 2020

and to classify the intensity of soil erosion. By analyzing the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of soil erosion intensity in the YNL rivers area

the variation pattern of soil and water loss area was determined. [Results] ① The average soil erosion modulus in the YNL rivers area was 30.35 t/(hm2·a). The modulus initially increased and then decreased over time. The area of decreasing soil erosion modulus increased year by year. ② The intensity of soil erosion in the study area tended to be higher in the west and lower in the east. Soil erosion intensity was mainly classified as mild and slight

with the area of these two classifications accounting for 70% or more of the total area. The transfer of soil erosion area between different classifications was mainly from moderate erosion to mild erosion. ③ The proportion of soil erosion area in the watershed showed an overall decreasing trend over time

with Xietongmen and Lazi County being the areas with higher erosion risk. [Conclusion] Soil erosion in the YNL rivers area had strong spatial and temporal variation. The central region had a higher risk of soil erosion

and soil and water conservation research and practices are urgently needed for that region.

关键词

Keywords

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