三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀及其分布特征

黄婷婷; 赵辉; 赵院; 任婧宇; 李子轩; 李斌斌

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20231016.001

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀及其分布特征

试验研究

- 三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀及其分布特征
- Soil Erosion and Its Spatial Distribution Characteristics in Three-River-Source National Park
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第5期页码：95-103
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 水利部水土保持监测中心,北京,100053
  2. 黄河流域水土保持生态环境监测中心,陕西,西安,710021
  3. 海河流域水土保持监测中心站,天津,300170
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  水利部财政预算项目“全国水土流失动态监测项目”(126216229000200002);国家自然科学基金项目“基于侵蚀能量过程的集合式流域水土流失预报模型”(U2040208);国家自然科学基金面上项目“黄土高原坡面土壤侵蚀特征地带性变化及驱动机制”(42077071)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20231016.001
  中图分类号： S157
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
黄婷婷, 赵辉, 赵院, 等. 三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀及其分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(5):95-103.

Huang Tingting, Zhao Hui, Zhao Yuan, et al. Soil Erosion and Its Spatial Distribution Characteristics in Three-River-Source National Park[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 95-103.
黄婷婷, 赵辉, 赵院, 等. 三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀及其分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(5):95-103. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20231016.001.

Huang Tingting, Zhao Hui, Zhao Yuan, et al. Soil Erosion and Its Spatial Distribution Characteristics in Three-River-Source National Park[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 95-103. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20231016.001.

摘要

[目的

]

三江源是“中华水塔”和中国重要生态安全屏障。探讨三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀分布规律，为实施生态保护政策及三江源国家公园水土保持与生态文明建设提供依据。[方法

]

利用中国土壤流失方程(CSLE)、风力侵蚀模型和冻融侵蚀强度评价模型，采用叠加分析的方法，分析三江源国家公园土壤侵蚀状况及其在不同空间和下垫面的分布特征。[结果

]

2020年公园土壤侵蚀面积2.64×10

，黄河源园区是土壤侵蚀分布最广泛的园区，而长江源园区土壤侵蚀相对严重；70%的水力侵蚀面积分布在地下冰发育带(海拔4 900 m以上)，85%的风力侵蚀面积分布在地下冰发育带以下区域(海拔4 900 m以下)，不同海拔高度区域土壤侵蚀及其分布差异显著；坡度5°及以下区域风力侵蚀面积比例达60%，是风力侵蚀相对集中分布区；水力侵蚀相对集中分布在8°～25°区域，水力侵蚀面积比例达75%，均是水土流失综合防治的重点区域；草地面积比例近80%，低覆盖、中低覆盖草地土壤侵蚀相对集中分布，沙地、裸土地的土壤侵蚀问题相对严重，值得重点关注。[结论

]

三江源国家公园水力侵蚀主要分布在海拔4 900 m以上地下冰发育带，8°～35°的中低覆盖以下草地，占水力侵蚀面积的2/3左右；风力侵蚀主要集中分布在4 200~4 900 m，≤5°的中覆盖度以下草地。

Abstract

[Objective] The Three-River-Source National Park (TRSNP) is considered to be the “water tower of China”

and is an important ecological security barrier in China. The soil erosion distribution law of TRSNP was studied to provide a basis for implementing ecological protection policy

soil and water conservation

and ecological civilization construction in TRSNP. [Methods] Based on the Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE)

wind erosion model and freeze-thaw erosion intensity model

the soil erosion status and its distribution characteristics at different space and surface of TRSNP were analyzed by superposition analysis. [Results] In 2020

an area of 2.64×104 km2 suffered from soil erosion in TRSNP. Among the three sub-parks

the Yellow-River-Source Park exhibited the most extensive soil erosion

whereas the Yangtze-River-Source Park was subject to severe erosion comparatively. Soil erosion and its spatial distribution varied significantly at different elevations. Water erosion occurred mainly in the area with elevations above 4 900 m

which occupied 70% of the land area. However

85% of the wind erosion occurred in zones with elevations less than 4 900 m. The wind erosion area with slopes between 0° and 5° accounted for 60%

which is the relatively concentrated distribution area of wind erosion. And three-quarters of water erosion areas were concentrated in regions where the slope ranged from 8° to 25°

all of which require urgent conservation measures. Grassland was the most important land cover in TRSNP

occupying about 80% of the area

with low and medium-low vegetation cover being responsible for significant soil losses. Additionally

sandy land and bare land were prone to high intensity soil erosion

which deserved special attention. [Conclusion] Two-thirds of water erosion areas were primarily located in zones where the elevation was above 4 900 m

slope gradients were between 8° and 35°

and grassland cover was below medium-low cover. Wind erosion was primarily located at elevations ranging from 4 200 m to 4 900 m

slopes were less than 5°

and grassland coverage was below medium-low cover.

关键词

Keywords

references

中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅.中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅印发《建立国家公园体制总体方案》[EB/OL][2017-09-26]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-09/26/content_5227713.htm.

孙鸿烈: 水土流失是各类生态退化的集中反映[J].中国水利,2009(7):2.

陈同德,焦菊英,王颢霖,等.青藏高原土壤侵蚀研究进展[J].土壤学报,2020,57(3):547-564.

Hou Jian, Wang Huiqing, Fu Bojie, et al. Effects of plant diversity on soil erosion for different vegetation patterns [J]. Catena, 2016,147:632-637.

贺倩,戴晓爱.基于LMDI模型的三江源区植被对土壤侵蚀变化影响的定量分析[J].长江科学院院报,2020,37(7):61-67.

曹巍,刘璐璐,吴丹.三江源区土壤侵蚀变化及驱动因素分析[J].草业学报,2018,27(6):10-22.

Wang Zhao, Wang Junbang. Changes of soil erosion and possible impacts from ecosystem recovery in the three-river headwaters region, Qinghai, China from 2000 to 2015[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019,10(5):461-471.

He Qian, Dai X, Chen Shiqi. Assessing the effects of vegetation and precipitation on soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China [J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2020,12(5):865-886.

蒋冲,高艳妮,李芬,等.1956-2010年三江源区水土流失状况演变[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(1):20-29.

Gao Min, Xiao Yan, Hu Yunfeng. Evaluation of water yield and soil erosion in the three-river-source region under different land-climate scenarios [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020,11(1):13.

李俊杰,李勇,王仰麟,等.三江源区东西样带土壤侵蚀的

137

Cs和

210

Pbex示踪研究[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):1452-1459.

Li Yong, Li Junjie, Are K S, et al. Livestock grazing significantly accelerates soil erosion more than climate change in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: evidenced from

137

Cs and

210

Pbex measurements [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019,285:106643.

黄麟,邵全琴,刘纪远.近30年来青海省三江源区草地的土壤侵蚀时空分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(1):12-21.

陈龙,谢高地,张昌顺,等.澜沧江流域土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1240-1247.

李国荣,李希来,陈文婷,等.黄河源区退化草地水土流失规律[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):51-55.

李元寿,王根绪,王一博,等.长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):616-623.

Xu Xianli, Zhang Keli, Kong Yaping, et al. Effectiveness of erosion control measures along the Qinghai-Tibet highway, Tibetan Plateau, China [J]. Transportation Research (Part D: Transport and Environment), 2006,11(4):302-309.

魏梦美,符素华,刘宝元.青藏高原水力侵蚀定量研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2021,36(7): 740-752.

国务院.国务院关于同意设立三江源国家公园的批复[EB/OL].[2021-10-14]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-10/14/content_5642440.htm.

国务院第一次全国水利普查领导小组办公室.第一次全国水利普查培训教材之六:水土保持情况普查[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.

史展,陶和平,刘淑珍,等.基于GIS的三江源区冻融侵蚀评价与分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):214-221.

Zhao Tianjie, Zhang Lixin, Jiang Lingmei, et al. A new soil freeze/thaw discriminant algorithm using AMSR-E passive microwave imagery [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2011,25(11):1704-1716.

Zhang Lixin, Zhao Tianjie, Jiang Lingmei, et al. Estimate of phase transition water content in freeze-thaw process using microwave radiometer [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010,48(12):4248-4255.

Liu Baoyuan, Zhang Keli, Xie Yun. An empirical soil loss equation[C]//Proceedings 12th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference (Vol.Ⅲ). Tsinghua University Press. Beijing, China, 2002,2:15.

殷水清,章文波,谢云,等.基于高密度站网的中国降雨侵蚀力空间分布[J].中国水土保持,2013(10):45-51.

Liu Baoyuan, Xie Yun, Li Zhiguang, et al. The assessment of soil loss by water erosion in China [J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2020,8(4):430-439.

符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.

中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准：SL190-2007[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.

邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.

中华人民共和国水利部.中国水土保持公报(2020年)[R].2021-09-30.

周幼吾,郭东信.我国多年冻土的主要特征[J].冰川冻土,1982,4(1):1-19.

金会军,王绍令,吕兰芝,等.黄河源区冻土特征及退化趋势[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(1):10-17.

靳铮,游庆龙,吴芳营,等.青藏高原三江源地区近60 a气候与极端气候变化特征分析[J].大气科学学报,2020,43(6):1042-1055.

浏览量

797

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

阳洼流域土壤137Cs的空间分布及侵蚀研究

黑土区典型坡耕地土壤酶活性空间分布特征研究

典型黑土区坡耕地土壤微生物群落数量的空间分布研究

基于GIS与RUSLE的榆林市土壤侵蚀空间分布研究

江淮丘陵区土壤侵蚀分布与环境因子的关系