横坡耕作与优化施肥对缓坡地氮磷流失特征和土壤肥力的影响

龚尧; 杜文; 王宇寰; 李元; 陈建军

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.007

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横坡耕作与优化施肥对缓坡地氮磷流失特征和土壤肥力的影响

试验研究

- 横坡耕作与优化施肥对缓坡地氮磷流失特征和土壤肥力的影响
- Effects of Cross-slope Tillage and Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Characteristics and Soil Fertility on Gentle Slope
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第5期页码：53-61
- 作者机构：
  
  云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南,昆明,650201
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  农业农村部项目“全国农田氮磷流失等监测评价” (13220023)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.007
  中图分类号： S157.1;S158.5
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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龚尧, 杜文, 王宇寰, 等. 横坡耕作与优化施肥对缓坡地氮磷流失特征和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(5):53-61.

Gong Yao, Du Wen, Wang Yuhuan, et al. Effects of Cross-slope Tillage and Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Characteristics and Soil Fertility on Gentle Slope[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 53-61.
龚尧, 杜文, 王宇寰, 等. 横坡耕作与优化施肥对缓坡地氮磷流失特征和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(5):53-61. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.007.

Gong Yao, Du Wen, Wang Yuhuan, et al. Effects of Cross-slope Tillage and Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Characteristics and Soil Fertility on Gentle Slope[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 53-61. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.007.

摘要

[目的] 分析在优化施肥和采取横坡耕作条件下，缓坡耕地的氮磷流失特征和土壤肥力变化，为减少氮磷流失，控制面源防治提供依据，为保护耕地资源、保持土壤肥力质量提供参考。[方法] 以云南省山地丘陵区缓坡地为研究对象，在自然降雨条件下，采用建立地表径流监测小区的方法，设置顺坡耕作+常规施肥；横坡耕作+常规施肥；横坡耕作+优化施肥3种处理，对2019年1月至2021年12月不同耕作与施肥方式下氮、磷流失特征进行了连续监测，采用灰色关联法分析土壤肥力质量。[结果] 氮、磷流失量与降雨量、径流量间存在极显著(p＜0.01)线性相关关系，横坡耕作相比于顺坡耕作可以减少20.46%～40.74%的地表径流，19.12%～33.71%的总氮流失量，33.33%～60.08%的总磷流失量；优化施肥相比于常规施肥可以减少1.20%～51.71%的总氮流失量；各土壤肥力因子除硝态氮和有机质含量减少外，其他均表现为不同程度的提高；各处理下的灰色关联度均表现为不同程度的提高，横坡耕作、优化施肥处理下灰色关联度提高显著(p＜0.05)，提高幅度达26.63%。[结论] 横坡耕作对于拦截地表径流和减少氮、磷流失具有良好的效果。采用横坡耕作+优化施肥处理对于提高土壤肥力水平以及减少氮、磷流失量效果最优。

Abstract

[Objective] Nitrogen and phosphorus loss characteristics and soil fertility changes on a gentle slope of cultivated land were analyzed under optimal fertilization and cross-slope tillage in order to provide a basis for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses

achieving non-point source prevention and treatment

protecting cultivated land resources

and maintaining soil fertility level. [Methods] The study was conducted on a gentle slope area of the mountain and hilly area in Yunnan Province under natural rainfall conditions. A surface runoff monitoring area was established with three treatments: down-slope tillage+conventional fertilization; cross-slope tillage+conventional fertilization; and cross-slope tillage+optimal fertilization. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss under different tillage and fertilization methods were continuously monitored from January 2019 to December 2021

and soil fertility level was analyzed by the gray correlation method. [Results] There was a significant linear correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus losses and rainfall and runoff (p＜0.01). Compared with down-slope tillage

cross-slope tillage reduced surface runoff by 20.46%—40.74%

total nitrogen loss by 19.12%—33.71%

and total phosphorus loss by 33.33%—60.08%. Compared with conventional fertilization

optimized fertilization reduced total nitrogen loss by 1.20%—51.71%. All soil fertility factors showed different degrees of improvement except that the contents of nitrate nitrogen and organic matter decreased. The gray correlation degree of each treatment showed different degrees of improvement

and the gray correlation degree of the cross-slope tillage+optimized fertilization treatment increased significantly (p＜0.05)

with an increase of 26.63%. [Conclusion] Cross-slope tillage stopped surface runoff and reduced the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. The application of cross-slope tillage and optimal fertilization application had the greatest effect on improving soil fertility level and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses.

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references

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