渐次解冻土壤粒级沉降分选及碳氮盐分布特征

袁心皓; 王馨瑶; 李凡; 王瑞琪; 胡亚鲜; 栗现文

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.005

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渐次解冻土壤粒级沉降分选及碳氮盐分布特征

试验研究

- 渐次解冻土壤粒级沉降分选及碳氮盐分布特征
- Soil Particle Settlement Sorting and Distribution Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen and Salt During Gradual Thawing
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第5期页码：35-44
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国博士后科学基金项目“东北黑土区长缓坡融雪过程水量转化的微尺度定量表征”(2020M673518);国家自然科学基金面上项目“冻融盐渍化土壤多组分溶质迁移对微生物呼吸的影响机理”(52279049)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.005
  中图分类号： S153.6
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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袁心皓, 王馨瑶, 李凡, 等. 渐次解冻土壤粒级沉降分选及碳氮盐分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(5):35-44.

Yuan Xinhao, Wang Xinyao, Li Fan, et al. Soil Particle Settlement Sorting and Distribution Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen and Salt During Gradual Thawing[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 35-44.
袁心皓, 王馨瑶, 李凡, 等. 渐次解冻土壤粒级沉降分选及碳氮盐分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(5):35-44. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.005.

Yuan Xinhao, Wang Xinyao, Li Fan, et al. Soil Particle Settlement Sorting and Distribution Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen and Salt During Gradual Thawing[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 35-44. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.05.005.

摘要

[目的

]

将解冻逐层剥离过程与粒级沉降模拟相结合，探究融雪径流情景下坡面土壤逐层解冻过程中泥沙粒级分选规律及伴随的碳氮盐分布特性，为深入揭示东北坡面土层冻融侵蚀机理及伴生的微环境效应提供依据。[方法

]

以东北坡面黑土为例，开展了土柱冻融试验，主要包括非冻融、全冻全融与冻结后渐次解冻(土柱置于浸水环境，由外至内分融化出T

—T

3层)处理，借助沉降管对各处理的土壤进行粒级沉降分选试验，对各分选粒级电导率(EC)、pH值、有机碳(SOC)、氮(TN)等进行了测定分析。[结果

]

①土壤经全冻全融后，沉降分选所得＞500 μm和≤125 μm的颗粒含量减少，125～500 μm的颗粒增加；土壤EC在大粒级中较高；SOC和TN在大粒级中(＞500 μm)含量降低，在较小粒级(≤125 μm)含量增加。②渐次分层解冻土壤经沉降后，外层(T

)≤63 μm颗粒偏少，内层(T

)125～500 μm颗粒偏多；盐分和有机碳氮在外层大粒级中含量较高。③全冻全融土壤沉降后，盐分流失率达64.8%，SOC和TN流失率相对较低，为4.08%和2.72%；渐次解冻沉降处理内层(T

)土壤盐分和有机质流失程度大于外层(T

)。[结论

]

冻融沉降后，外层土壤破碎程度大，坡面土壤颗粒趋向均质化；有机质含量在粒级间差异明显，其在小粒级土壤中分布更加稳定；盐分和有机质在冻融沉降过程中会从土壤内层向外层迁移而造成流失。

Abstract

[Objective] The classification of sediment particles and the accompanying distribution characteristics of carbon

nitrogen and salt in the process of soil thawing layer by layer under snowmelt runoff scenario were analyzed in order to identify the mechanism of soil freeze-thaw erosion and the induced micro-environmental effects on eroding slopes. [Methods] Soil samples were obtained from an eroding slope in the mollisol region of Northeastern China. Air-dried soil was used to fill columns that were subjected to three treatments: non-freeze-thaw

full freeze-full thaw

and gradual progressive thawing after freezing. The soil columns were completely immersed in a water bath so that thawing occurred from outside to inside. All soil samples were then fractionated by settling velocity

and the electrical conductivity (EC)

pH value

soil organic carbon (SOC)

and total nitrogen (TN) of each particle size were determined and analyzed. [Results] ① The freeze-thaw process reduced the proportion of the soil particles ＞500 μm and ≤125 μm

but increased the proportion of soil particles between 125 μm and 500 μm. Larger particles had higher EC

but lower SOC and TN. ② Across gradual progressively thawed layers

the outer layer (thawed earlier) had fewer particles ≤63 μm

and the inner layer (thawed later) had more particles between 125 μm and 500 μm. More specifically

SOC

and TN were higher in the larger fractions from the outer layer. ③ Compared with the original soil

64.8% of the dissolved solids were lost from the soil that experienced gradual progressive thawing

but the loss rate of SOC and TN was only 4.08% and 2.72%

respectively. The loss of dissolved solids and organic matter was greater from the inner layer than from the outer layer. [Conclusion] After freezing and thawing

the degree of fragmentation of the outer layer of soil was large

and the soil particles on the slope tended to become homogenized. Organic matter content varied significantly between particle size classes

and its distribution was more stable in small-grained soils. Salts and organic matter migrated from the inner layer of the soil to the outer layer during the freeze-thaw process

resulting in loss.

关键词

Keywords

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