恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响

庞景豪; 梁燊; 刘亚斌; 李国荣; 朱海丽; 胡夏嵩; 史兴萍; 尚卿; 缪晓星; 王延秀

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响

试验研究

- 恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响
- Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第4期页码：110-120
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 青海大学地质工程系,青海,西宁,810016
  2. 青藏高原北缘新生代资源环境重点实验室,青海,西宁,810016
  3. 青海威斯特铜业有限责任公司,青海,果洛,814000
  4. 青海省水土保持中心,青海,西宁,810001
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  青海省自然科学基金项目“高寒矿山排土场边坡人工恢复植被演替规律及其护坡效应评价：以果洛德尔尼铜矿为例”(2021-ZJ-956Q)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014
  中图分类号： X171.4
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
庞景豪, 梁燊, 刘亚斌, 等. 恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(4):110-120.

Pang Jinghao, Liang Shen, Liu Yabin, et al. Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(4): 110-120.
庞景豪, 梁燊, 刘亚斌, 等. 恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(4):110-120. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014.

Pang Jinghao, Liang Shen, Liu Yabin, et al. Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(4): 110-120. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014.

摘要

[目的] 研究恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响，为深入探讨高寒矿山排土场植物演替趋势，优化高寒矿山排土场植物恢复工艺方法提供科学指导。[方法] 以青海省果洛藏族自治州德尔尼铜矿恢复期为1～12 a范围内的10个矿山排土场边坡为研究对象，通过样方法调查排土场植物物种组成和多样性特性，并进一步调查土壤化学特性，明确了排土场Patrick丰富度指数等4个α植物多样性指数以及全氮等8个土壤化学特性指标与恢复年限的关系。[结果] 随着恢复年限的增大，天然植物不断侵入，排土场植物的科、属、种数呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，各年限排土场物种组成和群落特征存在一定的差异性。排土场Patrick丰富度指数随着恢复年限的增大呈幂函数增长趋势；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数随着恢复年限增大呈先增大后减小趋势，且均符合二次函数关系。随着排土场恢复年限的增大，土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效磷含量均呈先增大后减小趋势；速效钾和有机质含量呈幂函数增长趋势；pH值呈逐渐降低趋势。排土场植物4个多样性指数与土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量呈不同程度的正相关关系，而与速效磷和pH值呈负相关关系。[结论] 恢复期为12 a时，试验区排土场植物仍处于演替发展阶段，未达到稳定状态；排土场植物演替和土壤养分之间存在明显的相互作用；建议矿区排土场植物恢复选用高氮高磷低钾型缓释复合肥。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of restoration years on plant diversity and soil chemical characteristics of alpine metal mine dumps were studied in order to provide scientific guidances for further exploring the plant succession trends and optimizing the plant restoration process of alpine mine dumps. [Methods] The study was conducted at the Delny copper mine

Guoluo Xizang Autonomous Prefecture

Qinghai Province. Plant species composition and diversity and soil chemical properties of ten alpine metal mine dump slopes varying in recovery years (1—12 years) were measured by quadrat survey and soil chemical analysis. Relationships between four α plant diversity indexes (Patrick richness index

etc.)

eight soil chemical property indexes (total nitrogen

etc.) and number of recovery years were determined. [Results] The number of families

genera

and species of plants at the dump sites increased with increasing number of recovery years due to the continuous invasion of natural plants. There were differences in plant species composition and community characteristics of the dumps in different years. The Patrick richness index increased as a power function as number of recovery years increased. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index

Simpson diversity index

and Pielou evenness index initially increased with increasing recovery year

and then decreased

and all indexes changed with time following quadratic relationships. The contents of total nitrogen

total phosphorus

total potassium

alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen

and rapidly available phosphorus initially increased with increasing number of recovery years

and then decreased. The contents of rapidly available potassium and organic matter increased as a power function as number of recovery years increased. pH value decreased as number of recovery years increased. The four α plant diversity indexes were positively correlated with the contents of soil total nitrogen

total phosphorus

total potassium

alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen

rapidly available potassium

and organic matter

but negatively correlated with the contents of rapidly available phosphorus and with the pH values. [Conclusion] When the recovery period was 12 years

the plants in the dump area were still in the successional development stage and had not yet reached a stable state. There was an obvious interaction between plant succession and soil nutrients. It is suggested that high nitrogen

high phosphorus and low potassium slow release compound fertilizer should be used for plant restoration in mine dumps.

关键词

Keywords

references

赵福刚.金属矿山废弃地综合处置技术研究现状[J].现代矿业,2022,38(1):194-208,218.

宫传刚.高寒矿区大型排土场生态致灾机理及功能提升研究[D].北京：中国矿业大学,2022.

王家臣,王炳文,徐文彬,等.高海拔高寒地区金属矿山采选固废安全处置现状及研究进展[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2022,18(7):54-60.

关军洪,郝培尧,董丽,等.矿山废弃地生态修复研究进展[J].生态科学,2017,36(2):193-200.

夏汉平,蔡锡安.采矿地的生态恢复技术[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(11):1471-1476.

杨鑫光.高寒矿区煤矸石山植被恢复潜力研究[D].青海西宁：青海大学,2019.

Miao Z, Marrs R. Ecological restoration and land reclamation in open-cast mines in Shanxi Province, China [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2000,59(3):205-215.

Huang Lei, Zhang Peng, Hu Yigang, et al. Vegetation succession and soil infiltration characteristics under different aged refuse dumps at the Heidaigou opencast coal mine [J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2015,4:255-263.

牛星,蒙仲举,高永,等.伊敏露天煤矿排土场自然恢复植被群落特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):215-221.

Zhang Yaohua, Xu Xianli, Li Zhenwei, et al. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in degraded karst landscapes of Southwest China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,650:2657-2665.

李洁,潘攀,王长庭,等.三江源区不同建植年限人工草地根系动态特征[J].草业学报,2021,30(3):28-40.

彭少麟.恢复生态学与植被重建[J].生态科学,1996,15(2):28-33.

胡婵娟,郭雷.植被恢复的生态效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1640-1646.

李军豪,杨国靖,王少平.青藏高原区退化高寒草甸植被和土壤特征[J].应用生态学报,2020,31(6):2109-2118.

邵伟.川西北地区某灰岩露天矿生态修复研究[D].四川绵阳：西南科技大学,2022.

吴晓慧,单熙凯,董世魁,等.基于改进的Lotka-Volterra种间竞争模型预测退化高寒草地人工恢复演替结果[J].生态学报,2019,39(9):3187-3198.

金立群,李希来,孙华方,等.不同恢复年限对高寒露天煤矿区渣山植被和土壤特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(1):121-128.

孙华方,李希来,金立群,等.黄河源区人工草地植被群落和土壤养分变化[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(3):25-30,38.

杨鑫光,李希来,金立群,等.不同人工恢复措施下高寒矿区煤矸石山植被和土壤恢复效果研究[J].草业学报,2019,28(3):1-11.

许丽,樊金栓,周心澄,等.阜新市海州露天煤矿排土场植被自然恢复过程中物种多样性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(6):154-159.

李瑞,张克斌,刘云芳,等.西北半干旱区湿地生态系统植物群落空间分布特征研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(1):6-13.

邵田田,王明玖,齐雪.草原露天煤矿排土场重建植被与土壤相关性研究[J].草原与草业,2021,33(3):21-27.

牛翠娟,娄安茹,孙儒泳,等.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.

杨鑫光,李希来,金立群,等.短期恢复下高寒矿区煤矸石山土壤变化特征研究[J].草业学报,2018,27(8):30-38.

谢蕾蕾,宋志刚,何旭洪. SPSS统计分析实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2013.

仲亚婷,张文太,黄俊华,等.伊犁河谷不同草地类型坡面水土保持效应的模拟降雨试验[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):21-25.

李国荣,李希来,陈文婷,等.降雨侵蚀对退化草地土壤养分含量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):40-45.

Yuan Ye, Zhao Zhongqiu, Niu Shuye, et al. Reclamation promotes the succession of the soil and vegetation in opencast coal mine: a case study from

Robinia pseudoacacia

reclaimed forests, Pingshuo mine, China[J]. Catena, 2018,165:72-79.

吴翊平,周国驰,杨卓,等.高寒地区煤矿排土场植被恢复研究：以内蒙古扎哈淖尔煤矿为例[J].生态学报,2022,42(24):10088-10097.

周涛,苏正安,何周窈,等.不同恢复年限矿山排土场植物群落特征[J].草业科学,2019,36(6):1508-1517.

邢云飞,王晓丽,刘永琦,等.不同建植年限人工草地植物群落和土壤有机碳氮特征[J].草地学报,2020,28(2):521-528.

李愈哲,樊江文,于海玲.京津风沙源治理工程不同恢复措施对草地恢复过程的差异性影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(5):1-14.

杨勤学,赵冰清,郭东罡.中国北方露天煤矿区植被恢复研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1152-1157.

桑隆康,马昌前,王国庆,等.岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,2012.

Tripathi N, Singh R S, Hills C D. Soil carbon development in rejuvenated Indian coal mine spoil [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2016,90:482-490.

Kumar S, Maiti S K, Chaudhuri S. Soil development in 2-21 years old coalmine reclaimed spoil with trees:a case study from Sonepur-Bazari opencast project, Raniganj Coalfield, India [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2015,84:311-324.

高志香,李希来,张静,等.覆土处理对高寒矿区露天煤矿排土场植被和土壤特征的影响[J].水土保持通报,2021,41(1):82-87,96.

浏览量

565

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

植被恢复对黑岱沟矿区排土场土壤性质的影响

1960—2024年吉林省不同量级降水时空变化特征

黄河中游沙家湾小流域风沙环境特征及其入沟过程

西北地区生态产品价值实现成效评价——基于29个典型案例

青海省2009—2023年农业面源污染结构及变化特征