短时强降水下黏土表层覆盖苔藓水分入渗特征及其模型模拟

陈秋帆; 李成荣; 卢琦; 王妍

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.001

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短时强降水下黏土表层覆盖苔藓水分入渗特征及其模型模拟

试验研究

- 短时强降水下黏土表层覆盖苔藓水分入渗特征及其模型模拟
- Water Infiltration Characteristics and Model Simulation of Bryophytes on Surface Layer of Clay Soil Under Short-term Heavy Rainfall
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第4期页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南,昆明,650224
  2. 云南水利水电职业学院,云南,昆明,650499
  3. 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京,100091
  4. 云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,云南,昆明,650224
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“滇东南峰丛洼地磷素‘源—汇’格局演变及其与湖泊富营养化的耦合机制”(31760245);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2019Y0132，2023J1972)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.001
  中图分类号： X37;S152.7
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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陈秋帆, 李成荣, 卢琦, 等. 短时强降水下黏土表层覆盖苔藓水分入渗特征及其模型模拟[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(4):1-9.

Chen Qiufan, Li Chengrong, Lu Qi, et al. Water Infiltration Characteristics and Model Simulation of Bryophytes on Surface Layer of Clay Soil Under Short-term Heavy Rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(4): 1-9.
陈秋帆, 李成荣, 卢琦, 等. 短时强降水下黏土表层覆盖苔藓水分入渗特征及其模型模拟[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(4):1-9. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.001.

Chen Qiufan, Li Chengrong, Lu Qi, et al. Water Infiltration Characteristics and Model Simulation of Bryophytes on Surface Layer of Clay Soil Under Short-term Heavy Rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(4): 1-9. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.001.

摘要

[目的] 探究短时强降水条件下土壤表层覆盖苔藓植物对水分入渗产生影响的机理，为苔藓植物在石漠化区水土流失治理中的运用提供数据支撑。[方法] 室内模拟大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)、牛舌藓(Anomodon viticulosus)、小石藓(Weisia controversa)、蕊形真藓(Bryum coronatum)植物覆盖处理的一维土柱历经短时20 mm强降水后土壤水分入渗过程，运用经典入渗模型和Singh的熵入渗方程模拟水分入渗过程，对比不同苔藓植物覆盖下土壤水分入渗的差异性。[结果] ①苔藓植物覆盖处理组水分入渗特征初始、稳定、平均入渗速率和累计入渗量均大于裸土(p＜0.05)，入渗速率最慢的蕊型真藓组4个入渗特征值0.718 cm/min，0.279 cm/min，0.180 cm/min和19.575 cm较裸土分别大7.65%，8.56%，11.90%和3.75%；苔藓植物覆盖处理组促进水分入渗的原因是苔藓植物阻碍土壤表层产生物理结皮促进入渗效应大于苔藓植物层截留阻碍水分入渗效应。②入渗过程中4种苔藓植物产生促进或阻碍水分入渗效应不同使水分入渗特征值存在显著性差异(p＜0.05)。入渗特征与苔藓植物假根密度、假根根长、饱和吸水率呈负相关；与糙率呈正相关，但是相关系数不大。③表层覆盖苔藓植物土壤水分入渗过程模拟用Horton入渗模型更佳，而裸土水分入渗则采用Philip模型效果更好；若精度要求不高且为了简便则可以采用Singh的熵入渗方程E-Kostiakov入渗模型。[结论] 历经短时20 mm强降水后与裸土相比，表层覆盖苔藓植物具有促进水分入渗效应。这主要与苔藓植物的存在阻碍土壤表层产生物理结皮有关。

Abstract

[Objective] The mechanism on how bryophytes influence water infiltration in the soil surface layer following a short period of heavy precipitation was studied in order to provide data support for the use of bryophytes to control soil erosion in rocky desert areas. [Methods] We measured soil water infiltration in a laboratory study using a one-dimensional soil column covered with Hypnum plumaeforme

Anomodon viticulosus

Weisia controversa

or Bryum coronatum after a short period of 20 mm of precipitation. We used the classical Horton infiltration model and Singh’s entropy infiltration equation to simulate water infiltration

and compared the differences in soil water infiltration. [Results] ① The initial

stable

and mean infiltration rates and the cumulative infiltration amount for the bryophyte-cover treatments were all greater than observed for the bare soil treatment (p＜0.05). The four infiltration characteristic values were 0.718 cm/min

0.279 cm/min

0.180 cm/min

and 19.575 cm

respectively

for the Bryum coronatum treatment

which had the slowest infiltration rate

and the respective values were 7.65%

8.56%

11.90% and 3.75% greater than those observed for the bare soil treatment. The reason that the bryophyte-cover treatments increased water infiltration was that the bryophytes prevented the production of a physical crust on the soil surface. This effect was greater than the effect of the bryophyte layer to intercept and prevent water infiltration. ② The four bryophytes produced different effects to promote or impede water infiltration during the infiltration process

resulting in significant differences in water infiltration eigenvalues (p＜0.05). Infiltration characteristics were negatively correlated with rhizoid density

rhizoid length

and saturated water absorption rate of bryophytes

and positively correlated with bryophyte roughness

but the correlation was small. ③ The classical Horton infiltration model was more suitable for simulating the soil water infiltration process of bryophyte-covered soil. The Philip model was more suitable for simulating bare soil water infiltration. If the accuracy requirement is not high and a simple model is desired

Singh’s entropy infiltration equation can be used as well as the E-Kostiakov infiltration model. [Conclusion] Bryophytes covering the soil surface layer increased water infiltration following a short period of intense precipitation of 20 mm

which was mainly due to the presence of bryophytes impeding the formation of physical crusting of the soil surface layer.

关键词

Keywords

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