湟水河流域景观格局与生态风险时空特征及驱动因子探测

王鹏全; 刘得俊; 李润杰; 吴元梅

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.026

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湟水河流域景观格局与生态风险时空特征及驱动因子探测

试验研究

- 湟水河流域景观格局与生态风险时空特征及驱动因子探测
- Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driver Detection of Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk in Huangshui River Basin
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第3期页码：213-224
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海,西宁,810008
  2. 青海民族大学土木与交通工程学院,青海,西宁,810007
  3. 青海省水利水电科学研究院有限公司,青海,西宁,810001
  4. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海,西宁,810016
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  青海省应用基础研究项目“湟水西宁段水体生态服务功能时空动态演变规律及调控技术研究”(2020-ZJ-756);青海民族大学校级规划项目“湟水流域陆地水循环对气候变化和生态景观格局动态的响应”(23GH14)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.026
  中图分类号： P901;X826
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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王鹏全, 刘得俊, 李润杰, 等. 湟水河流域景观格局与生态风险时空特征及驱动因子探测[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(3):213-224.

Wang Pengquan, Liu Dejun, Li Runjie, et al. Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driver Detection of Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk in Huangshui River Basin[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(3): 213-224.
王鹏全, 刘得俊, 李润杰, 等. 湟水河流域景观格局与生态风险时空特征及驱动因子探测[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(3):213-224. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.026.

Wang Pengquan, Liu Dejun, Li Runjie, et al. Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driver Detection of Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk in Huangshui River Basin[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(3): 213-224. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.026.

摘要

[目的] 分析景观格局变化特征及景观生态风险时空演变规律与影响驱动因子，为流域综合治理，生态系统管理和可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法] 基于湟水河流域2000，2010，2020年3期土地利用数据，采用景观指数法构建流域景观生态风险评价模型，耦合ArcGIS 10.6，Fragstats 4.2，GeoDa 1.20讨论景观格局与生态风险的时空动态特征，利用地理探测器识别驱动景观生态风险空间分异的主导因子。[结果] ①草地和耕地是湟水河流域的优势地类，土地转移主要发生在耕地、草地和建设用地之间，城市扩张是近20 a土地利用变化的主要特征。②2000—2020年景观生态风险先增后减小，生态服务价值与景观生态风险表现出负相关性。③景观生态风险空间分布主要呈现“高—高”和“低—低”集聚，高程是导致景观生态风险空间格局分异的主导因子，因子交互作用对景观生态风险空间分异有增强效应。④景观生态风险空间格局具有明显的海拔梯度效应。可根据海拔梯度将湟水河流域划分为重点管控区、严格管控区和一般管控区。[结论] 生态治理和生态修复是湟水河流域景观生态风险指数下降的主要原因，不同生态风险空间管控区应采取差异化调控措施，土地利用优化管理与用途管制在生态风险调控中需高度关注。

Abstract

[Objective] The characteristics and driving factors of landscape pattern changes and the spatiotemporal evolution of landscape ecological risk was analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for integrated watershed management

watershed ecosystem management

and sustainable development.[Methods] A landscape ecological risk assessment model was proposed using the landscape index method based on land use data in 2000

2010

and 2020 from the Huangshui River basin. Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of landscape patterns and ecological risk were examined by coupling ArcGIS 10.6

Fragstats 4.2

and GeoDa 1.20. Factors driving spatially stratified heterogeneity of landscape ecological risk were identified using geographic detectors.[Results] ① Grassland and cropland were the dominant land use types in the Huangshui River basin. Land transfer mainly occurred between cropland

grassland

and construction land. Urban expansion was the main feature of land use/land cover changes over the past 20 years. ② From 2000 to 2020

landscape ecological risk in the Huangshui River basin initially increased and then decreased

and there was a negative correlation between ecological service value and landscape ecological risk. ③ Spatial distributions of landscape ecological risk in the Huangshui River basin mainly presented "high-high" and "low-low" agglomerations. Elevation was the main factor driving the spatially stratified heterogeneity of ecological risk. The interaction between driving factors had an enhancing effect on spatially stratified heterogeneity of landscape ecological risk. ④ Spatial distribution of landscape ecological risks had an obvious altitude gradient effect. According to the altitude gradient

the Huangshui River basin was divided into three ecological risk control zones:key control area

strict control area

and general control area.[Conclusion] Ecological governance and ecological restoration were the main reasons for the decline of the landscape ecological risk index in the Huangshui River basin. Different management and control strategies should be implemented for different ecological risk control zones. Land use optimization management and land use control should be primary concerns with respect to ecological risk control.

关键词

Keywords

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