宁夏青铜峡灌区冬灌对冻融期土壤水热盐分布及作物生长影响

王心亮; 王春颖; 袁银; 杨健; 韩宇平

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.008

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宁夏青铜峡灌区冬灌对冻融期土壤水热盐分布及作物生长影响

试验研究

- 宁夏青铜峡灌区冬灌对冻融期土壤水热盐分布及作物生长影响
- Effects of Winter Irrigation on Soil Water-heat-salt Migration and Crop Growth During Freezing-Thawing Period in Qingtongxia Irrigation District of Ningxia
- 水土保持通报 2023年43卷第3期页码：54-60
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 华北水利水电大学水资源学院,河南,郑州,450046
  2. 河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司,河南,郑州,450016
  3. 黄河水利科学研究院,河南,郑州,450003
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  黄河水利科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研项目“宁夏引黄灌区冬灌农田水热盐运移规律及数值模拟研究”(HKY-JBYW-2022-10);河南省自然科学基金面上项目(232300421249)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.008
  中图分类号： S278;S152.7
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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王心亮, 王春颖, 袁银, 等. 宁夏青铜峡灌区冬灌对冻融期土壤水热盐分布及作物生长影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(3):54-60.

Wang Xinliang, Wang Chunying, Yuan Yin, et al. Effects of Winter Irrigation on Soil Water-heat-salt Migration and Crop Growth During Freezing-Thawing Period in Qingtongxia Irrigation District of Ningxia[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(3): 54-60.
王心亮, 王春颖, 袁银, 等. 宁夏青铜峡灌区冬灌对冻融期土壤水热盐分布及作物生长影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023,43(3):54-60. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.008.

Wang Xinliang, Wang Chunying, Yuan Yin, et al. Effects of Winter Irrigation on Soil Water-heat-salt Migration and Crop Growth During Freezing-Thawing Period in Qingtongxia Irrigation District of Ningxia[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(3): 54-60. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.03.008.

摘要

[目的] 研究冬灌和冻融条件下土壤水热盐的再分布规律及其对作物生长的影响，为防治土壤盐渍化和保障粮食安全提供科学依据。[方法] 基于宁夏青铜峡灌区2018年10月25日至2020年10月3日试验田实测气象、土壤理化指标和作物生长数据，采用统计分析及可视化方法对冬灌与非冬灌区农田水热盐的运移规律及作物生长情况进行对比分析。[结果] 青铜峡灌区土壤温度变化滞后于气温变化，土壤浅表层温度受气温变化影响更显著。土壤从表面开始逐渐向下冻结，冻结深度随着气温的降低不断加深，消融期土壤冻结层从表层和底部同时进行消融，整个土壤冻融期共历时98 d。农田灌溉后含水率显著增高，冻结期灌溉降低各土层土壤温度0.1~1.1 ℃。冬灌农田不同深度土层土壤温度变化趋势和含水率变化特征与非冬灌区农田基本一致。冬灌后各土层盐分含量均下降，其中0—30 cm土层土壤盐分显著下降，但冻融期后冬灌农田土壤出现返盐现象。冬灌农田相较于非冬灌农田，小麦植株较高，玉米生长发育速度较快，小麦增产20.64%，玉米增产4.20%。[结论] 青铜峡灌区冬灌明显改变了土壤水热盐的分布规律，可以有效降低土壤盐分，促进作物生长和增产，特别是明显提高小麦产量。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of winter irrigation on soil water-heat-salt migration and crop growth during the freezing-thawing period were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for controlling soil salinization

and to ensure food security.[Methods] Statistical analysis and visualization methods were used to compare and analyze soil water-heat-salt migration and crop growth in winter irrigation and non-winter irrigation areas based on meteorological

soil physicochemical indicators

and crop growth data in an experimental field in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District of Ningxia from 25 October 2018 to 3 October 2020.[Results] Soil temperature changes in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District lagged behind air temperature changes

and the shallow surface soil temperature was more significantly affected by air temperature changes. The soil gradually froze from the surface downward and the freezing depth deepened as the temperature decreased. The frozen layer of soil thawed simultaneously from the soil surface and the bottom of the measurement profile during the thawing period. The entire soil freezing and thawing period lasted for 98 days. The soil moisture content increased significantly after irrigation. During the freezing period

irrigation decreased the temperature of each soil layer by 0.1-1.1℃. The variation trends of soil temperature and moisture in different soil layers during the winter irrigation period were basically the same as those during the non-winter irrigation period. After winter irrigation

the salinity of each soil layer decreased

especially in the 0-30 cm soil layer

and salinity decreased significantly. However

after the freezing-thawing period

salt accumulated in the soil. Winter wheat grew taller and corn grew faster in the winter irrigation farmland than in the non-winter irrigation farmland. Average wheat and corn yields increased by 20.64% and 4.20%

respectively

in the winter irrigation farmland.[Conclusion] Winter irrigation affected the distribution of soil water

heat

and salt

and effectively reduced soil salinity

resulting in increased crop growth and yield (especially wheat yield) in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District.

关键词

Keywords

references

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