基于最小累积阻力差值模型的北京市生态安全格局构建

汉瑞英; 赵志平; 肖能文; 史娜娜; 孙光; 高晓奇

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220518.001

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基于最小累积阻力差值模型的北京市生态安全格局构建

试验研究

- 基于最小累积阻力差值模型的北京市生态安全格局构建
- Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Beijing City Based on Minimum Resistance Model
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第3期页码：95-102
- 作者机构：
  
  中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京,100012
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  生态环境部工作项目“生物多样性调查评估”（2019HJ2096001006）;国家重点研发计划项目“高寒草地综合利用关键技术及适应性管理研究与示范”（2016YFC0501904）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220518.001
  中图分类号： X321
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
汉瑞英, 赵志平, 肖能文, 等. 基于最小累积阻力差值模型的北京市生态安全格局构建[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):95-102.

Han Ruiying, Zhao Zhiping, Xiao Nengwen, et al. Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Beijing City Based on Minimum Resistance Model[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 95-102.
汉瑞英, 赵志平, 肖能文, 等. 基于最小累积阻力差值模型的北京市生态安全格局构建[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):95-102. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220518.001.

Han Ruiying, Zhao Zhiping, Xiao Nengwen, et al. Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Beijing City Based on Minimum Resistance Model[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 95-102. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220518.001.

摘要

[目的

]

构建适合北京市区域环境特点和社会发展水平相对完整的城市生态安全体系，为有效控制城市扩张发展生态安全底线和城市生物多样性保护提供科学参考。[方法

]

基于北京市生态系统水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙和生物多样性维持服务功能及各类自然保护地提取生态源地；综合考虑全域多要素指标，运用生态源地扩张阻力面和城镇用地扩张阻力面差值划分生态安全格局（即高水平生态区、中水平生态区、低水平生态区、生态城镇临界区、低水平城建区、中水平城建区和高水平城建区）。同时识别生态廊道和生态节点区域，从而构建北京市生态安全格局。[结果

]

北京市生态源地总面积为3 568.95 km

，占全区土地总面积的21.7%，集中分布在北京市西北区域，呈包围中心城区态势；北京市重要生态廊道11条，生态节点153个，其中石景山区生态网络密度最大，东城区生态网络密度最小，北京市中心建城区呈“摊大饼”式蔓延，城区的生态廊道断裂程度较高。[结论

]

北京市生态格局破碎化明显，未来应优化生态节点空间布局，以保护生态源地，规划生态廊道，控制生态城镇临界区建设等方式获得生态效益。

Abstract

[Objective] An urban ecological security system with relatively complete regional environmental characteristics and social development level for Beijing City was constructed in order to provide a scientific reference for effectively controlling the ecological security bottom line for urban expansion and development

and thereby protect urban biodiversity.[Methods] The ecological sources for Beijing City were extracted based on water conservation

biodiversity maintenance

wind and sand fixation

soil and water conservation

and various nature reserves in the city. A multi-factor index that considered the whole domain by using a minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) difference model (namely the ecological source expansion resistance and surface resistance difference) was used to divide the national urban sprawl spatial pattern of ecological land

such as high level ecological area

medium level ecological area

low level ecological area

ecological town critical area

low level urban construction area

medium level urban construction area

and high level urban construction area. The ecological corridor and ecological node area were identified in order to construct a land security pattern for Beijing City.[Results] The total area of ecological sources in Beijing City was 3 568.95 km2

accounting for 21.7% of the total land area of the entire region

which was concentrated in the northwest part of Beijing City and surrounded the central and western urban areas. There were 11 important ecological corridors and 153 ecological nodes

of which Shijingshan District had the largest ecological network density and Dongcheng District had the smallest ecological network density. The construction area in the center of Beijing City was spreading in the pattern of a "spreading big cake"

and the degree of rupture of ecological corridors in the city was high.[Conclusion] The ecological pattern of Beijing City is obviously fragmented. In the future

the spatial layout of ecological nodes should be optimized to obtain ecological benefits by protecting ecological sources

planning ecological corridors

and controlling the construction of critical areas of ecological towns.

关键词

Keywords

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