塔里木河下游植被耗水量的时空演变

王永鹏; 杨鹏年; 周龙; 徐生武; 邓晓雅; 冯思阳

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220419.001

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塔里木河下游植被耗水量的时空演变

试验研究

- 塔里木河下游植被耗水量的时空演变
- Spatio-temporal Evolution of Vegetation Water Consumption in Lower Reaches of Tarim River
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第3期页码：225-232
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052
  2. 新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052
  3. 塔里木河流域干流管理局,新疆,库尔勒,841000
  4. 中国水利水电科学研究院,北京,100044
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“四维同化框架下荒漠河岸林蒸散与地下水互制机理解耦建模”（U2003105）;新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河流域管理局项目“塔里木河下游生态输水轮渗灌溉植被恢复响应监测研究与示范”（TGJJG-2020KYXM0002）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220419.001
  中图分类号： X143
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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王永鹏, 杨鹏年, 周龙, 等. 塔里木河下游植被耗水量的时空演变[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):225-232.

Wang Yongpeng, Yang Pengnian, Zhou Long, et al. Spatio-temporal Evolution of Vegetation Water Consumption in Lower Reaches of Tarim River[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 225-232.
王永鹏, 杨鹏年, 周龙, 等. 塔里木河下游植被耗水量的时空演变[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):225-232. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220419.001.

Wang Yongpeng, Yang Pengnian, Zhou Long, et al. Spatio-temporal Evolution of Vegetation Water Consumption in Lower Reaches of Tarim River[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 225-232. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20220419.001.

摘要

[目的

]

分析塔里木河下游天然植被耗水量，为其生态修复研究提供科学指导。[方法

]

基于Landsat系列影像和日尺度气象数据，采用改进的Penman-Monteith公式法，在30 m空间分辨率上，对生态输水以来大西海子水库至阿拉干断面间植被耗水量的时空演变趋势进行了分析。[结果

]

①研究区天然植被耗水量时空分布存在着明显的梯度化差异，高耗水区主要分布在主河道沿线及自然漫溢区，下游植被耗水量整体偏低，年内主要集中于植被生长中期。②2000—2020年天然植被平均耗水量为1.90×10

/a，并以2.44×10

/5 a的速率增长；同期大西海子水库至阿拉干断面间的河水消耗量为2.79×10

/a；植被耗水量占河道消耗水量的68.23%，二者随输水进程均呈上升趋势。③天然植被面积以12.37%/5 a的速率增长，耗水量以12.82%/5 a的速率增长，植被面积与耗水量增长速率相匹配，天然植被的修复对输水的响应较为积极，继续输水仍会促进植被的快速恢复。[结论

]

截至2020年，经过21 a的生态输水，塔里木河下游天然植被得到明显改善；但受既有输水方式固化的影响，加大了水面及浅埋深区的无效蒸发，生态耗水的时空分布仍存在优化的可行性和必要性。

Abstract

[Objective] The water consumption of natural vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was analyzed in order to provide scientific guidance for ecological restoration.[Methods] Based on Landsat series images and daily meteorological data

the temporal and spatial evolution trend of vegetation water consumption from the Daxihaizi Reservoir to the Alagan section was analyzed by using the improved Penman-Monteith formula method at 30 m spatial resolution.[Results] ① The spatial and temporal distributions of natural vegetation water consumption in the research area had obvious gradient differences. The high water consumption area was mainly located along the main river and the natural overflow area. The water consumption of vegetation was generally low in the lower reaches of the Tarim Rive

and it was mainly concentrated during the middle stage of vegetation growth. ② The average water consumption of natural vegetation was 1.90×108 m3/yr and increased at a rate of 2.44×107 m3/5 yr in 2000-2020. During the same period

the river water consumption between the Daxihaizi Reservoir and the Alagan section was 2.79×108 m3/yr. Vegetation water consumption accounted for 68.23% of the river water consumption

and both increased with the water conveyance process. ③ The natural vegetation area increased at a rate of 12.37%/5 yr

and water consumption increased at a rate of 12.82%/5 yr. The vegetation area matched the growth rate of water consumption. The restoration of natural vegetation responded positively to water conveyance

and continued water conveyance will still promote the rapid restoration of vegetation.[Conclusion] By 2020

after 21 years of ecological water conveyance

the natural vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River has been significantly improved. However

due to the solidification of existing water conveyance methods

water losses by evaporation from the water surface and shallow buried depth areas have increased. The temporal and spatial distribution of ecological water consumption is still feasible and should be optimized.

关键词

Keywords

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