基于最小累积阻力模型的洱海流域上游面源污染“源-汇”风险格局研究

董亚坤; 王钰; 曾维军

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.021

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基于最小累积阻力模型的洱海流域上游面源污染“源-汇”风险格局研究

试验研究

- 基于最小累积阻力模型的洱海流域上游面源污染“源-汇”风险格局研究
- Analyzing “Source-Sink” Pattern of NPS Pollution Risks in Upper Reaches of Erhai Lake Basin by Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第6期页码：166-175
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 云南农业大学水利学院,云南,昆明,650201
  2. 自然资源部云南山间盆地土地利用野外科学观测研究站,云南,昆明,650201
  3. 云南省土地资源利用与保护工程实验室,云南,昆明,650201
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目"基于非点源污染‘源-汇'风险空间格局的流域上游种植生态区划"(41961040);云南农业大学科技创新创业行动基金项目(2021ZKX184)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.021
  中图分类号： X87;X522
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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董亚坤, 王钰, 曾维军. 基于最小累积阻力模型的洱海流域上游面源污染“源-汇”风险格局研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(6):166-175.

Dong Yakun, Wang Yu, Zeng Weijun. Analyzing “Source-Sink” Pattern of NPS Pollution Risks in Upper Reaches of Erhai Lake Basin by Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(6): 166-175.
董亚坤, 王钰, 曾维军. 基于最小累积阻力模型的洱海流域上游面源污染“源-汇”风险格局研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(6):166-175. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.021.

Dong Yakun, Wang Yu, Zeng Weijun. Analyzing “Source-Sink” Pattern of NPS Pollution Risks in Upper Reaches of Erhai Lake Basin by Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(6): 166-175. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.021.

摘要

[目的

]

对洱海流域上游面源污染“源-汇”风险格局进行研究，为保护洱海生态和快速识别面源污染“源-汇”风险的关键区域提供理论依据。 [方法

]

以2005，2010，2015和2020年数据为例，构建阻力基面评价体系，基于最小累积阻力模型建立阻力面，划分面源污染风险等级并探讨洱海流域上游16 a来面源污染的风险等级变化。 [结果

]

①阻力因子的空间异质性使阻力基面的分布存在区域性差异，而“源”的分布则影响阻力面的分布，2020年比2005年阻力面值提高了7 485.40。 ②研究区极高风险区面积所占比例达30%，而中风险区以上所占比例超过60%，面源污染风险等级偏高；16 a间，极高风险区面积减少最多，为35.74 km

，而中风险区面积增加最多，为38.69 km

。 ③面源污染风险等级距离“源”越近，风险等级越高，表现为中部高于边界，南部高于北部，而极高风险区是面源污染的关键区域。 ④16 a间中风险区转出面积最多，为80.93 km

。茈碧湖镇、凤羽镇和右所镇三镇交界处以及牛街乡的北部是面源污染风险等级转移的主要区域。 [结论

]

关键区域的景观优化、种植业调整等措施对减少氮磷的流失及风险等级格局的改变具有更积极的作用，可进一步改善洱海未来水环境。

Abstract

[Objective] The “source-sink” risk pattern of non-point source (NPS) pollution in the upper reaches of the Erhai Lake basin was identified in order to provide a theoretical basis for protecting the ecology of Erhai Lake and for rapidly identificatiing key areas of “source-sink” NPS pollution risk. [Methods] An evaluation system of resistance base surfaces was built based on data from 2005

2010

2015

and 2020. Resistance surfaces were established and NPS pollution risk levels were classified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model to analyze changes in NPS pollution risk levels over these 16 years in the upper reaches of the Erhai Lake basin. [Results] ① Spatial heterogeneity in the resistance factor caused regional differences in the distribution of the resistance base surfaces

while the distribution of the “source” affected the distribution of the resistance surfaces. The resistance surfaces value increased by 7 485.40 from 2005 to 2020. ② Thirty percent of the study area was classified as extremely high-risk zones

while the area of the medium-risk zones accounted for more than 60% of the study area

and the NPS pollution risk level was high. During the 16 years of the study

the area of extremely high-risk zones decreased the most (35.74 km2)

while the area of medium-risk zones increased the most (38.69 km2). ③ The closer the NPS pollution risk level was to the “source”

the higher the risk level. The risk level was higher in the central region than at the border

and higher in the south than in the north

while the extremely high-risk zones were the key area of NPS pollution. ④ Among zones of different risk levels

the medium-risk zones witnessed the largest transfer-out (80.93 km2) in the past 16 years. The main transfer-out areas were the intersections of three towns (Cibi Lake

Fengyu

and Yousuo) and the northern part of Niujie Town. [Conclusion] Measures such as landscape optimization and planting adjustments in key zones have a more positive effect on reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus and changing the risk level pattern

which could further improve the future water environment of the Erhai Lake.

关键词

Keywords

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