藏东南直白沟冰崩型泥石流孕灾条件与动力特征

龙飞; 龚诚; 黄海; 焦成才

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.004

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藏东南直白沟冰崩型泥石流孕灾条件与动力特征

试验研究

- 藏东南直白沟冰崩型泥石流孕灾条件与动力特征
- Formation Conditions and Dynamic Characteristics of Debris Flow Triggered by an Ice Avalanche at Zhibai Gully in Southeast Tibet
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第6期页码：31-38
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西藏自治区地质环境监测总站,西藏,拉萨,850000
  2. 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所,四川,成都,611734
  3. 中国地质大学工程学院,湖北,武汉,430074
  4. 北京欧远致科技有限公司,北京,100085
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国地质调查局地质调查项目"青藏高原东南缘及过渡带地质灾害调查与风险管"(DD20221741),"藏东昌都地区城镇灾害地质调查"(DD20190644);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0902)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.004
  中图分类号： P642.3
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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龙飞, 龚诚, 黄海, 等. 藏东南直白沟冰崩型泥石流孕灾条件与动力特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(6):31-38.

Long Fei, Gong Cheng, Huang Hai, et al. Formation Conditions and Dynamic Characteristics of Debris Flow Triggered by an Ice Avalanche at Zhibai Gully in Southeast Tibet[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(6): 31-38.
龙飞, 龚诚, 黄海, 等. 藏东南直白沟冰崩型泥石流孕灾条件与动力特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(6):31-38. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.004.

Long Fei, Gong Cheng, Huang Hai, et al. Formation Conditions and Dynamic Characteristics of Debris Flow Triggered by an Ice Avalanche at Zhibai Gully in Southeast Tibet[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(6): 31-38. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.06.004.

摘要

[目的

]

分析西藏林芝市米林县派镇直白沟2020年9月10日泥石流灾害的形成条件、启动机制和动力特征，为藏东南地区重大工程建设中的冰崩型泥石流灾害的监测预警及风险防控提供科学参考。 [方法

]

综合利用野外调查、多期遥感解译、灾害监测和现场观测等手段，研究了泥石流的启动过程、冲淤特征和灾损情况，计算了动力参数。 [结果

]

“9·10”泥石流灾害是高位冰岩崩驱动形成的，包括3个形成过程： ①受2017年米林地震对岩体震裂作用和冻融循环作用，南侧分水岭发育高位冰岩崩，形成冰岩碎屑流在斜坡冰碛平台运动， ②冰岩碎屑流铲刮斜坡冰碛物与松散岩土体，进入2

支沟运动并沿途携带沟道物质，放大碎屑流规模。 ③通过运动过程中的碰撞摩擦，冰体发生相变，冰岩碎屑流转化为泥石流。 [结论

]

冰崩型泥石流的触发条件、水土耦合过程和动力特征均异于常规冰川降雨复合型泥石流，其动力参数受启动点高势能和运动中冰水相变作用影响，与现有计算方法所得结果具有极大差异。未来对冰川泥石流灾害防治研究不能直接采用现有降雨型泥石流动力参数计算方法，应基于泥石流启动机制来分析动力参数。

Abstract

[Objective] The formation conditions

initiation mechanism and dynamic characteristics of the glacial debris flow disaster occurred on September 10

2020 at Zhibai gully in Linzhi City of Tibet

were analyzed in order to provide scientific reference for the early warning and risk prevention in the construction projects in Southeast Tibet. [Methods] The initiation process

erosion-sediment characteristics and destruction of the debris flow disaster were identified according to the field survey

remote sensing interpretation

observation

and monitoring. [Results] The drive force of the “9·10” debris flow was the high-altitude rock/ice avalanche. The formation process included three processes: ① Due to the seismic fracturing caused by the Milin earthquake in 2017

and freeze-thaw cycle of high level rock

a rock collapse was developed in the south watershed

triggering ice avalanche and forming ice-rock mass flow moving to the slope moraine platform

② Ice-rock mass flow scraped slope moraine and loose soil materials

entered into the 2# branch gully and carry soil material along the channel bed

amplified disaster scale. ③ Through the collision and friction in the process of movement

the ice undergoes phase changed and drove the ice-rock mass flow to debris flow. [Conclusion] The triggering conditions

water-soil coupling process and dynamics characteristics of the ice avalanche type debris flow are different from those of the other glacial rainfall complex type debris flow

and its dynamics parameters are influenced by the high potential energy at the initiation point and the ice-water phase change during the motion

which are very different from the results obtained by existing calculation methods. In the future

the existing methods for calculating the dynamic parameters of rainfall type mudflow cannot be directly adopted in the prevention and control of glacial mudflow disasters

and the dynamic parameters should be analyzed based on the initiation mechanism of mudflow.

关键词

Keywords

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