中国水蚀区5种典型土壤的侵蚀性降雨阈值比较

王瀛; 杨扬; 刘宝元; 刘瑛娜

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.029

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中国水蚀区5种典型土壤的侵蚀性降雨阈值比较

试验研究

- 中国水蚀区5种典型土壤的侵蚀性降雨阈值比较
- Erosive Rainfall Thresholds for Five Typical Soils in Water Erosion Region of China
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第4期页码：227-233
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京,100875
  2. 北京师范大学地理科学学部地理学院,北京,100875
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目“侵蚀退化农田生态生产功能重建机制和提升关键技术与示范”（2021YFD1500803）;地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室重点项目“典型黑土区冻融循环特征及其对水力侵蚀的影响机制”（2021-ZD-05）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.029
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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王瀛, 杨扬, 刘宝元, 等. 中国水蚀区5种典型土壤的侵蚀性降雨阈值比较[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(4):227-233.

Wang Ying, Yang Yang, Liu Baoyuan, et al. Erosive Rainfall Thresholds for Five Typical Soils in Water Erosion Region of China[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(4): 227-233.
王瀛, 杨扬, 刘宝元, 等. 中国水蚀区5种典型土壤的侵蚀性降雨阈值比较[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(4):227-233. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.029.

Wang Ying, Yang Yang, Liu Baoyuan, et al. Erosive Rainfall Thresholds for Five Typical Soils in Water Erosion Region of China[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(4): 227-233. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.029.

摘要

[目的

]

准确拟定侵蚀性降雨阈值，区分侵蚀性与非侵蚀性降雨事件，为有效减少土壤侵蚀预报的工作量以及区域土壤侵蚀防治提供科学参考。[方法

]

在北京市房山区布设中国5个水蚀二级区典型土壤休闲小区，收集各小区2006—2019年的产流产沙监测资料，利用降雨侵蚀力偏差法分析各小区的侵蚀性降雨量(P)和最大30 min雨强(I

)阈值。[结果

]

①相比P阈值，I

在识别侵蚀性降雨方面更为有效。②黑土和褐土小区侵蚀性降雨阈值较高，二者P阈值均为10.0 mm，I

阈值均为10.2 mm/h；黄土小区次之，其P和I

阈值分别为9.5 mm和8.9 mm/h。紫色土与红壤小区较低，二者的P阈值分别为5.4和6.1 mm，I

阈值分别为3.2和5.2 mm/h。③各径流小区的监测资料年限达到12 a时，侵蚀性降雨阈值才可达到稳定。[结论

]

不同地区土壤的侵蚀性降雨阈值存在较大差异。侵蚀性降雨阈值不仅受土壤自身特性如粒径分布和有机质含量的影响，还与当地的气候状况如降雨雨型有关。

Abstract

[Objective] The practical thresholds separating erosive from non-erosive rainfall events were determined to effectively reduce the workload of soil erosion prediction

and to provide references for regional soil erosion prevention.[Methods] Five bare fallow runoff plots packed with typical soils from five water erosion subregions of China were established in the Fangshan District of Beijing City. We used the rainfall erosivity deviation method to derive the two thresholds of rainfall amount (P) and maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity (I30) for each plot based on runoff and soil loss data obtained during 2006-2019.[Results] ① The I30 thresholds were more effective than the P thresholds in identifying erosive rainfall events. ② The erosive rainfall thresholds were highest for the black and cinnamon soil plots

both having P thresholds of 10.0 mm and I30 thresholds of 10.2 mm/h

followed by the loess plot with P and I30 thresholds of 9.5 mm and 8.9 mm/h

respectively. The thresholds were lower for the purple and red soil plots. The corresponding P thresholds were 5.4 and 6.1 mm

respectively

and the I30 thresholds were 3.2 and 5.2 mm/h

respectively. ③ To acquire reliable and stable thresholds

at least 12 years of runoff and soil loss monitoring data were required for each plot.[Conclusion] Erosive rainfall thresholds differed among soils in different regions due to differences in soil properties such as particle size distribution and organic matter content

as well as in local climate factors such as rainfall pattern.

关键词

Keywords

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