持续秸秆还田减施化肥对水稻产量和氮磷流失的影响

姚莉; 王宏; 张奇; 刘海涛; 罗付香; 王谢; 郑盛华; 梁繁; 林超文

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.003

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持续秸秆还田减施化肥对水稻产量和氮磷流失的影响

试验研究

- 持续秸秆还田减施化肥对水稻产量和氮磷流失的影响
- Effects of Continuous Straw Returning Combined with Reduced Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第4期页码：18-24
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,四川,成都,610066
  2. 南充市仪陇县农业农村局,四川,南充,637676
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  四川省农业科学院现代农业学科建设推进工程“坡耕地旱地氨挥发防控技术研究”（2021XKJS014）;四川省财政自主创新专项项目（2022ZZCX013）;四川省科技成果中试熟化与示范转化工程项目（2021ZSSF）;“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目（1+9KJGG005）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.003
  中图分类号： X52;S158.5
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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姚莉, 王宏, 张奇, 等. 持续秸秆还田减施化肥对水稻产量和氮磷流失的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(4):18-24.

Yao Li, Wang Hong, Zhang Qi, et al. Effects of Continuous Straw Returning Combined with Reduced Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(4): 18-24.
姚莉, 王宏, 张奇, 等. 持续秸秆还田减施化肥对水稻产量和氮磷流失的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(4):18-24. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.003.

Yao Li, Wang Hong, Zhang Qi, et al. Effects of Continuous Straw Returning Combined with Reduced Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(4): 18-24. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.04.003.

摘要

[目的

]

探究持续性秸秆还田减施化肥对水稻产量和氮磷随径流流失的影响，为当地农业资源循环再利用和防控农业面源污染提供科学依据。[方法

]

在四川省广汉市开展连续3 a (2018—2020年)的田间小区试验，设置常规施肥处理(T

)和秸秆还田+常规施肥减氮28.57%，减磷25.11%(T

)2种施肥方式，分别测定了地表径流中氮磷浓度、流失量，水稻秸秆、籽粒的产量和氮磷吸收量、水稻收获时土壤养分。[结果

]

随着秸秆还田年限的增加，T

可达到显著的增产效果，其中2020年T

比T

增产16.93%。与T

相比，T

的总氮和硝态氮流失量分别增加6.25%～14.97%，6.99%～15.03%，可溶性总氮、总磷和可溶性总磷流失量分别降低0.94%～6.03%，4.66%～10.32%和5.77%～21.15%。土壤中全磷、速效磷、硝态氮和铵态氮含量的年际变化显著(p

0.05)。与T

相比，T

处理显著降低了土壤8.79%的全磷和30.56%的速效磷。[结论

]

持续秸秆还田与减施化肥在保证作物产量的同时，减少了化肥投入量，降低了磷素的径流流失量，但增加了氮素径流流失的风险，在实际农业生产中应进一步优化处理。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of straw returning combined with reduced chemical fertilizer application on rice yield and nitrogen and phosphorus losses with runoff were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the recycling and reuse of local agricultural resources and the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.[Methods] A three-year (2018-2020) field plot experiment was conducted that included two treatments:conventional fertilization (T1)

and straw returning + conventional fertilization reduced by 28.57% for nitrogen and 25.11% for phosphorous (T2). The concentrations and losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland surface runoff

yield

nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by rice straw and grain

and soil nutrients at harvest were determined.[Results] As the number of straw returning years increased

T2 achieved a significant increase in yield. Compared with T1

the yield of T2 increased by 16.93% in 2020. Compared with T1

the loss of the total nitrogen and NO-3-N for T2 increased by 6.25%~14.97% and 6.99%~15.03%

respectively. The loss of the soluble total nitrogen

the total phosphorus

and the soluble total phosphorus for T2 was 0.94%~6.03%

4.66%~10.32%. and 5.77%~21.15%

respectively

lower than observed for T1. The interannual changes of total phosphorus

available phosphorus

nitrate nitrogen

and ammonium nitrogen in soil were significant (p<0.05). Compared with T1

T2 significantly reduced soil total phosphorus by 8.79% and available phosphorus by 30.56%.[Conclusion] Continuous straw returning combined with reduced chemical fertilizer application ensured the crop yield and reduced the input of chemical fertilizer and the loss of phosphorus in farmland runoff

but increased the risk of nitrogen runoff loss. Therefore

the continuous straw-returning system should be further optimized in actual agricultural production.

关键词

Keywords

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