1. 生态环境部 黄河流域生态环境监督管理局 生态环境监测与科学研究中心,河南,郑州,450003
2. 河南工业贸易职业学院,河南,郑州,450003
纸质出版:2022
移动端阅览
张翔, 李愫. 2015—2020年黄河口近岸海域生态环境监测与分析[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):139-147.
Zhang Xiang, Li Su. Monitoring and Analysis on Ecological Environment in Near-shore Waters of Yellow River Estuary During 2015-2020[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 139-147.
张翔, 李愫. 2015—2020年黄河口近岸海域生态环境监测与分析[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):139-147. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.03.019.
Zhang Xiang, Li Su. Monitoring and Analysis on Ecological Environment in Near-shore Waters of Yellow River Estuary During 2015-2020[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 139-147. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.03.019.
[目的] 监测2015—2020年开展的渤海海域水质,分析黄河口近岸海域生态环境变化与入海泥沙径流量的相关性,为黄河口海域生态环境保护工作提供基础依据。[方法] 采用水质污染指数和生物多样性指数评价法,利用SPSS软件对海洋生物多样性与海水各监测指标之间Pearson相关系数进行分析评价。[结果] 黄河口近岸海域主要超标污染物为无机氮,其单项污染指数波动范围为0.63~1.40,超过第2类水质标准。无机氮浓度与黄河入海输沙量呈正相关,相关系数0.833(p<0.01)。夏季调查期间采集到浮游植物77种,主要位于黄河口北部海域。2018年以来浮游植物物种数呈下降趋势,从2015年的67种降至2020年的42种。采集到浮游动物52种,主要位于河口东北部离岸海域,2015年以来浮游动物种类逐步增加。多样性指数从2015年的Ⅳ级水平升至2020年的Ⅲ级水平。采集到大型底栖生物92种,主要位于入海口东部离岸海域,2018年以来底栖生物种类和密度呈增加的趋势,多样性指数从2018年的2.18增至2020年的3.01。[结论] 2015年以来黄河口近岸海域水质满足《海水水质标准》(GB 3097-1997)中的工业用水区和滨海风景旅游区的水质要求,生态状况逐步好转。黄河口近岸海域浮游动物多样性指数与黄河入海输沙量和径流量之间呈显著正相关,相关性系数分别为0.941(p<0.01)和0.918(p<0.01)。浮游植物和底栖生物多样性指数与泥沙径流量无显著性相关关系。
[Objective] The water quality of Bohai Sea was monitored from 2015 to 2020
and the correlation between the change of ecological environment in the coastal waters of the Yellow River estuary and sediment and runoff into the sea was analyzed
in order to provide a basis for the ecological environment protection in the Yellow River estuary.[Methods] The water quality pollution index and biodiversity index evaluation method were used to analyze and evaluate the Pearson correlation coefficients between marine biodiversity and each monitoring index of seawater using SPSS software.[Results] The main pollutant exceeding the standard in the coastal waters of the Yellow River estuary was inorganic nitrogen
and its single pollution index fluctuated from 0.63 to 1.40
which exceeded the second-class water quality standard. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was positively correlated with the sediment transport from the Yellow River to the sea
and the correlation coefficient was 0.833 (p<0.01). During the summer survey
77 species of phytoplankton were collected
mainly located in the northern waters of the Yellow River estuary. Since 2018
the number of phytoplankton species has shown a downward trend
from 67 species in 2015 to 42 species in 2020; 52 species of zooplankton were collected
mainly Located in the offshore waters of the northeast of the estuary
the species of zooplankton have gradually increased since 2015
and the diversity index has risen from the level Ⅳ in 2015 to the level Ⅲ in 2020; 92 species of macrobenthos were collected
mainly located in the east of the estuary In the offshore waters
the species and density of benthic species have increased since 2018. The diversity index has increased from 2.18 in 2018 to 3.01 in 2020.[Conclusion] Since 2015
the water quality in the coastal waters of the Yellow River Estuary meets the water quality requirements for industrial water areas and coastal scenic tourist areas in Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997)
and the ecological situation has gradually improved. There was a significant positive correlation between the zooplankton diversity index in the coastal waters of the Yellow River estuary and the sediment transport and runoff of the Yellow River
with correlation coefficients of 0.941 (p<0.01) and 0.918 (p<0.01)
respectively. There was no significant correlation between phytoplankton and benthic biodiversity indices and sediment runoff.
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