自然降雨对广西赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响

陈钊柱; 蔡卓杰; 谢福倩; 王坚桦; 李桂芳

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.03.006

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自然降雨对广西赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响

试验研究

- 自然降雨对广西赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响
- Effects of Natural Rainfall on Soil Erosion Characteristics of Lateritic Red Soil Slope in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第3期页码：36-42
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 广西大学农学院,广西,南宁,530004
  2. 广西壮族自治区水土保持监测站,广西,南宁,530023
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“植蔗坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失特征和机制”（41967010）;广西自然科学基金资助项目（2018GXNSFBA138024）;广西科技基地和人才专项（桂科AD17195060）。
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.03.006
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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陈钊柱, 蔡卓杰, 谢福倩, 等. 自然降雨对广西赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):36-42.

Chen Zhaozhu, Cai Zhuojie, Xie Fuqian, et al. Effects of Natural Rainfall on Soil Erosion Characteristics of Lateritic Red Soil Slope in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 36-42.
陈钊柱, 蔡卓杰, 谢福倩, 等. 自然降雨对广西赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(3):36-42. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.03.006.

Chen Zhaozhu, Cai Zhuojie, Xie Fuqian, et al. Effects of Natural Rainfall on Soil Erosion Characteristics of Lateritic Red Soil Slope in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(3): 36-42. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.03.006.

摘要

[目的] 探讨自然降雨对赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响，为赤红壤地区水土保持综合治理提供理论依据。[方法] 基于野外径流小区原位观测试验，测定2020年5—10月次降雨下广西壮族自治区赤红壤坡耕地（蔗地）、撂荒地和裸地的产流产沙量，结合降雨特征分析，探讨降雨特征及分布对赤红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响。[结果] ①2020年5—10月，坡面径流和侵蚀量整体上表现为：裸地>蔗地>撂荒地，不同处理下坡面径流和侵蚀均主要集中在8月，其中撂荒地径流和侵蚀各月差异相对较小。②不同处理次降雨降雨量与坡面径流量和侵蚀量呈极显著的正相关关系，降雨历时显著影响蔗地和撂荒地坡面径流量。中雨和暴雨降雨等级占观测期内侵蚀性降雨总量的70.9%，其产生的径流量占蔗地、裸地和撂荒地处理坡面径流量的68.2%，78.6%和67.8%；暴雨降雨等级是坡面侵蚀量的主要来源，占不同处理下总侵蚀量的63.8%～83.4%。[结论] 在广西壮族自治区的赤红壤坡地区域，与裸地相比，蔗地和撂荒地能够有效减小坡面产流产沙量，且撂荒地的降低效果更为明显；降雨量是影响坡面产流产沙最关键的因子，中雨和暴雨降雨等级是坡面径流和侵蚀的主要来源，坡面径流和侵蚀分布特征受降雨分布和降雨频次等因素的综合影响。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of natural rainfall on soil erosion characteristics of sloping lateritic soil was analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation in a lateritic soil area.[Methods] Based on in-situ observations from runoff plots

runoff amounts and sediment yields under erosive rainfall events from May to October 2020 for sloping farmland (cropped to sugarcane)

abandoned land

and bare land in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were analyzed

and combined with rainfall characteristics to determine the effects of rainfall characteristics and distribution on soil erosion characteristics of sloping soil.[Results] ① During the observation period

runoff amounts and sediment yields under different treatments followed the order of bare land>sugarcane land>abandoned land. Runoff amounts and sediment yields under all treatments were concentrated in August. Monthly differences for runoff amounts and sediment yields in abandoned land were relatively small. ② Runoff amounts and sediment yields were significantly related to rainfall amounts for all treatments. Only rainfall duration had significant positive correlations to runoff amounts for sugarcane land and abandoned land. Moderate rain and heavy rain accounted for 70.9% of the total erosive rainfall amounts. For the sugarcane land

bare land

and abandoned land treatments

the main sources of runoff were moderate rain and heavy rain

which accounted for 68.2%

78.6%

and 67.8%

respectively

of the total runoff. Erosion was mainly caused by heavy rain

accounting for 63.8%~83.4% of the total amount of erosion.[Conclusion] For a lateritic red soil slope in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

sugarcane land and abandoned land effectively reduced runoff and sediment yield on the slope more than bare land

and the reduction effect was more significant for abandoned land. Rainfall amount was the most important rainfall characteristic affecting runoff and sediment yields. Moderate rain and heavy rain were the mainly sources of runoff sediment yields. The distribution characteristics of runoff and erosion on slopes were influenced by rainfall distribution and rainfall frequency.

关键词

Keywords

references

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