陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面侵蚀—沉积过程试验研究

刘冉; 余新晓; 蔡强国; 孙莉英; 方海燕; 贾国栋; 和继军

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面侵蚀—沉积过程试验研究

试验研究

- 陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面侵蚀—沉积过程试验研究
- Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第2期页码：31-37
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业和草原局重点试验室,北京,100083
  2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点试验室,北京,100101
  3. 中国科学院大学资源环境学院,北京,100049
  4. 首都师范大学城市环境过程和数字模拟国家重点试验室培育基地北京资源环境与GIS重点试验室,北京,100048
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面侵蚀过程对临界坡长的响应机制”(52179071),“黄土坡面侵蚀泥沙沉积过程与模拟”(41771314),“黄土坡面细沟形态与土壤再分布空间特征的耦合机制研究”(41977069)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘冉, 余新晓, 蔡强国, 等. 陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面侵蚀—沉积过程试验研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(2):31-37.

Liu Ran, Yu Xinxiao, Cai Qiangguo, et al. Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(2): 31-37.
刘冉, 余新晓, 蔡强国, 等. 陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面侵蚀—沉积过程试验研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(2):31-37. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005.

Liu Ran, Yu Xinxiao, Cai Qiangguo, et al. Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(2): 31-37. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005.

摘要

[目的] 分析各影响因素作用下黄土坡面的侵蚀—沉积过程，为陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持措施的合理布设以及水土流失防治规划提供科学依据。[方法] 采用室内人工模拟降雨试验方法对不同坡度、坡长和60 mm/h降雨强度条件下的黄土坡面侵蚀—沉积过程特征开展研究。[结果] ①净侵蚀过程主要发生时间为在达到侵蚀速率峰值前后，在降雨开始35 min左右内，侵蚀速率在整个降雨过程出现正负值交替变化，侵蚀过程与沉积过程并存。②坡度为5°，10°，15°时，单位面积侵蚀量随坡长的增加而减少，5—10 m坡段中存在明显的沉积过程和临界侵蚀坡长。试验条件下黄土坡面发生沉积的临界坡长在4—5 m以及5—10 m范围内。③在5°，15°坡度下，整个降雨过程中0—5 m坡段的累计单位面积侵蚀量均大于0—10 m坡段坡面，侵蚀过程中一直伴有沉积现象；10°坡面分别在降雨后15 min左右开始伴有沉积现象出现。[结论] 坡度和坡长是影响黄土坡面侵蚀—沉积过程的重要因素，坡面径流含沙量和单位面积侵蚀量可以作为表征黄土坡面侵蚀—沉积特征的重要因子。在治理坡面水土流失时应采用拦截中上坡位径流的水土保持措施。

Abstract

[Objective] The erosion-deposition process of loess slopes under the effects of various influencing factors was studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the rational layout of soil and water conservation measures

and for planning to control and prevent soil and water loss in the loess hilly and gully region of Northern Shaanxi Province. [Methods] The characteristics of erosion-deposition processes on a loess slope under different slope gradients

slope lengths

and 60 mm/h rainfall intensity were studied using an indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiment. [Results] ①The net erosion process mainly occurred before and after reaching the peak value of erosion rate. The erosion rates alternated between positive and negative values during the entire rainfall period

and the erosion process coexisted with the deposition process. ② When the slope was 5°

10°

and 15°

the erosion per unit area decreased with increasing slope length. There was an obvious deposition process and critical erosion slope length in the 5—10 m slope section. Under the test conditions

the critical slope length of loess slope deposition was in the range of 4—5 m and 5—10 m. ③ Under the gradient of 5° and 15°

during the entire rainfall process

the cumulative erosion per unit area of the 0—5 m slope section was greater than erosion of the 0—10 m slope section

and there was always deposition in the erosion process. On the 10° slope

deposition began to occur about 15 minutes after rainfall. [Conclusion] Slope gradient and slope length are important factors affecting erosion-deposition processes of a loess slope. The sediment concentration of slope runoff and erosion per unit area can be used as important factors to characterize the erosion-deposition characteristics of a loess slope. To control soil and water loss on a slope

soil and water conservation measures that intercept runoff at the middle and upper slope positions should be adopted.

关键词

Keywords

references

Guo Zhong, Ma Meijing, Cai Chongfa, et al. Combined effects of simulated rainfall and overland flow on sediment and solute transport in hillslope erosion [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018,18(3):1120-1132.

张光辉.坡面水蚀过程水动力学研究进展[J].水科学进展,2001,12(3):395-402.

Walling D E. Erosion and sediment yield research-some recent perspectives [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1988,100(1/3):113-141.

张光辉.对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识[J].水科学进展,2018,29(2):151-158.

郑粉莉,高学田.坡面汇流汇沙与侵蚀—搬运—沉积过程[J].土壤学报,2004,41(1):134-139.

周凡凡,高建恩,王照润,等.坡面降雨径流侵蚀输沙的不平衡特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(6):95-100.

杨维鸽,郑粉莉,王占礼,等.地形对黑土区典型坡面侵蚀—沉积空间分布特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):572-581.

王玲玲,范东明,王文龙,等.水蚀风蚀交错区不同坡长坡面产流产沙过程[J].人民黄河,2016,38(3):72-75.

姚璟,付兴涛.坡长对离石黄土坡面径流含沙量影响的模拟降雨研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2018,26(3):493-501.

王小康,谷举,刘刚,师宏强.横、顺坡垄作对黑土坡面侵蚀—沉积周期规律的影响[J/OL].土壤学报,1-13[2022-03-20].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1119.P.20210730.1201.002.html.

Huang Jun, Wu Pute, Zhao Xining. Effects of rainfall intensity, underlying surface and slope gradient on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall experiments [J]. Catena, 2013,104:93-102.

谭贞学,王占礼,马春艳,等.黄土坡面下坡位土壤侵蚀过程的模拟试验[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(2):12-17,28.

徐振剑,权鑫,史红伟,等.黄土坡面侵蚀过程与侵蚀—沉积空间分布特征[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2021,49(6):98-105.

盛贺伟,孙莉英,蔡强国.黄土坡面细沟发育形态对侵蚀特征的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2017,25(4):679-688.

李玥.黄土丘陵区退耕与农业生态经济社会系统协同发展研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2019.

权鑫,史红伟,蔡强国,等.室内模拟降雨情形下黄土坡面沉降程度的试验研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2021,49(2):98-106.

王颢霖,焦菊英,唐柄哲,等.陕北子洲“7·26”暴雨后坡耕地细沟侵蚀及其影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(11):122-130.

和继军,王硕,蔡强国,等.黄土缓坡片蚀过程及其水力参数适宜性试验研究[J].水科学进展,2021,32(1):97-108.

Quan Xin, He Jijun, Cai Qiangguo, et al. Soil erosion and deposition characteristics of slope surfaces for two loess soils using indoor simulated rainfall experiment [J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020,204:104714.

Shi Zhihua, Fang Nufang, Wu Fengzhi, et al. Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012,454/455(1),123-130.

和继军,蔡强国,刘松波.次降雨条件下坡度对坡面产流产沙的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1263-1268.

Wang Li, Shi Zhihua. Size selectivity of eroded sediment associated with soil texture on steep slopes [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2015,79(3):917-929.

贾宝真,钟德钰,张科利.基于动理学理论的坡面水流土壤分离能力研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2021,29(3):591-605.

Sun Liying, Zhou J L, Cai Qiangguo, et al. Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the Loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events [J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2021,9(4):520-531.

汪晓勇,郑粉莉.黄土坡面坡长对侵蚀—搬运过程的影响研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):1-4.

刘冉,余新晓,蔡强国,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区黄土坡面侵蚀过程及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2021,32(8):2886-2894.

雷廷武, Nearing M A.侵蚀细沟水力学特性及细沟侵蚀与形态特征的试验研究[J].水利学报,2000(11):49-54.

李君兰,蔡强国,孙莉英,等.坡面水流速度与坡面含砂量的关系[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):73-78.

浏览量

703

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域水蚀预报模型构建

荒漠化防治条件下土地利用系统多维灰色动态评估——以山西省河曲县为例

植被在坡面的不同位置对降雨产沙量影响

黄土丘陵沟壑区数字单元景观研究

陕北黄土高原森林植被的性质和当前森林培育的策略