黄土丘陵区生物结皮对坡面流水动力特征的影响

张慧妮; 王兵; 张宝琦; 韩剑桥; 许欢欢

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.003

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黄土丘陵区生物结皮对坡面流水动力特征的影响

试验研究

- 黄土丘陵区生物结皮对坡面流水动力特征的影响
- Effects of Biocrusts on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Slope Flow in Hilly Regions of Loess Plateau
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第2期页码：16-21
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
  3. 黄河水土保持西峰治理监督局,甘肃,庆阳,745000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院“西部之光”西部青年学者A类项目“黄土高原退耕草地近地表特征变化及其对土壤侵蚀过程的影响”(XAB2019A04);国家自然科学基金重点项目“黄土高原刺槐人工林结构与生态功能相互作用机制及调控”(42130717)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.003
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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张慧妮, 王兵, 张宝琦, 等. 黄土丘陵区生物结皮对坡面流水动力特征的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(2):16-21.

Zhang Huini, Wang Bing, Zhang Baoqi, et al. Effects of Biocrusts on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Slope Flow in Hilly Regions of Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(2): 16-21.
张慧妮, 王兵, 张宝琦, 等. 黄土丘陵区生物结皮对坡面流水动力特征的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(2):16-21. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.003.

Zhang Huini, Wang Bing, Zhang Baoqi, et al. Effects of Biocrusts on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Slope Flow in Hilly Regions of Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(2): 16-21. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.003.

摘要

[目的] 探究生物结皮对坡面流水动力特征的影响，为黄土高原丘陵区生物结皮防蚀机理研究提供理论指导。[方法] 设置生物结皮覆盖及破坏处理，进行人工模拟降雨试验。[结果] ①生物结皮覆盖及破坏处理下坡面流均属于层流急流。②生物结皮可显著降低坡面流流速，增加水流剪切力，阻力系数和水流功率(p＜0.05)。其中，藻结皮处理和苔藓结皮处理较裸地流速分别减少了48.74%和62.24%，水流剪切力、阻力系数、水流功率较裸地分别增加了130.01%和308.07%；703.35%和2 532.01%；21.16%和57.43%。③生物结皮破坏后其阻力系数与裸地无显著变化，流速、水流剪切力、水流功率均显著高于裸地(p＜0.05)。其中，藻结皮破坏和苔藓结皮破坏处理较裸地流速、水流剪切力、水流功率分别增加了10.84%和16.46%；36.83%和42.44%；60.90%和62.14%。[结论] 生物结皮覆盖会增大坡面流阻力系数，降低流速。生物结皮破坏后坡面流阻力系数与裸地无差异，流速增加。此外，生物结皮覆盖及破坏处理均会增大坡面流水流剪切力及水流功率，进而增加径流侵蚀能量。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) on the hydrodynamic characteristics of slope flow were investigated in order to provide theoretical guidance for the study of biocrusts anti-erosive mechanism in hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. [Methods] The treatments of biocrusts coverage and destruction were set

and the artificial rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in this study. [Results] ① The slope flow of biocrusts coverage and destruction treatments was the laminar jet stream. ②The biocrusts coverage significantly reduced slope velocity

whereas increased shear stress

resistance coefficient

and stream power (p＜0.05). Compared with the bare land

the slope velocity of algal crust and moss crust treatment decreased by 48.74% and 62.24%. The shear force

resistance coefficient

and stream power increased by 130.01% and 308.07%

703.35% and 2532.01%

21.16% and 57.43%

respectively. ③ Compared with the bare land

the resistance coefficient was no significant difference after the biocrusts were destroyed

whereas the flow velocity

shear stress

and stream power were significantly higher than the bare land (p＜0.05). The slope velocity

shear stress

and stream power of the algae crust and moss crust treatments increased by 10.84% and 16.46%

36.8% and 42.44%

60.8 and 62.14%

respectively. [Conclusion] The biocrusts coverage increased slope flow resistance coefficient and decreased flow velocity. After the biocrusts were destroyed

the slope flow resistance coefficient was no different from the bare land

but the flow velocity increased. Furthermore

the biocrusts coverage and destruction treatment increased shear force and stream power of the slope flow

thereby increasing the runoff erosion energy.

关键词

Keywords

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