基于模糊综合优化模型的水质评价与重金属污染健康风险分析——以贵州省铜仁市碧江区饮用水源地为例

窦小涵; 潘叶; 王腊春; 陈睿东; 祝晓彬; 马小雪

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.01.024

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基于模糊综合优化模型的水质评价与重金属污染健康风险分析——以贵州省铜仁市碧江区饮用水源地为例

试验研究

- 基于模糊综合优化模型的水质评价与重金属污染健康风险分析——以贵州省铜仁市碧江区饮用水源地为例
- Water Quality Assessment and Health Risk of Heavy Metal Analysis Based on Optimization of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation -A Case Study of Drinking Water Source Areas in Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou Province
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第1期页码：173-183
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏,南京,210023
  2. 南京大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏,南京,210023
  3. 江苏第二师范学院城市与资源环境学院,江苏,南京,210013
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“喀斯特地区人类活动主导下的生态环境变化与流域水循环相应耦合机理研究”(41371045)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.01.024
  中图分类号： X824;X820.4
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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窦小涵, 潘叶, 王腊春, 等. 基于模糊综合优化模型的水质评价与重金属污染健康风险分析——以贵州省铜仁市碧江区饮用水源地为例[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(1):173-183.

Dou Xiaohan, Pan Ye, Wang Lachun, et al. Water Quality Assessment and Health Risk of Heavy Metal Analysis Based on Optimization of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation -A Case Study of Drinking Water Source Areas in Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(1): 173-183.
窦小涵, 潘叶, 王腊春, 等. 基于模糊综合优化模型的水质评价与重金属污染健康风险分析——以贵州省铜仁市碧江区饮用水源地为例[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(1):173-183. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.01.024.

Dou Xiaohan, Pan Ye, Wang Lachun, et al. Water Quality Assessment and Health Risk of Heavy Metal Analysis Based on Optimization of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation -A Case Study of Drinking Water Source Areas in Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(1): 173-183. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.01.024.

摘要

[目的] 明确富矿岩溶区饮用水源地水质情况和重金属元素健康危害程度，完善水源地环境管控措施，为当地饮用水健康风险管理提供理论依据，为水体重金属防治提供参考。 [方法] 以贵州省铜仁市碧江区饮用水源地为例，监测了2018年1月至2020年6月的水质常规指标和重金属Fe，Mn，Cu，Zn，As，Pb的含量，结合单一熵权法和聚类权法，引入相对隶属度和级别特征值对水体进行水质模糊评价，并采用美国环境保护署(Environmental Protection Agency)推荐的健康风险评价模型对丰枯两季水体中重金属的含量特征及其健康风险进行评估。[结果] 水源地水质总体达到模糊综合优化模型评价结果的Ⅲ类，总氮和总大肠菌群为主要超标因子，地表水水源地中Fe，Pb最大值超过Ⅲ类水标准。Fe，Zn和Pb主要来源于采矿业和工业，Mn和As主要来源于农业，Cu主要来源于农业和交通污染。[结论] 基于组合权和模糊综合优化模型的水质评价结果较单一权重的常规模型更加可信合理，致癌重金属As是产生健康风险的主要元素，儿童较成人更易受到重金属危害，需加强对重金属健康风险的管控与治理。

Abstract

[Objective] The water quality and health hazards regarding heavy metals in drinking water sources in rich ore karst areas were studied in order to improve environmental control measures of water sources

thereby providing a theoretical basis for local drinking water health risk management and a reference for controlling and preventing accumulations of heavy metals in water. [Methods] Drinking water sources in Bijiang District

Tongren City

Guizhou Province were taken as an example. Conventional water quality indicators and the content of heavy metals (Fe

and Pb) were monitored from January 2018 to June 2020. In addition

a water quality fuzzy evaluation was carried out by using the relative membership degree and grade eigenvalue

and the single entropy weight method with the clustering weight method. The content characteristics of heavy metals and health risks in wet and dry seasons were evaluated by using the health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. EPA. [Results] Water quality of drinking water source areas had reached class Ⅲ of improved fuzzy synthetic evaluation. The main excess factors were total nitrogen and total coliforms. The maximum values of Fe and Pb in the surface water sources had exceeded the class Ⅲ water standards. Fe

and Pb mainly came from mining and industry

Mn and As mainly came from agriculture

and Cu mainly came from agriculture and traffic pollution. [Conclusion] The water quality evaluation results based on the combined weight and optimization of fuzzy synthetic evaluation were more credible and reasonable than the conventional model with a single weight. The carcinogenic heavy metal As was the main element causing health risks. Children are more susceptible to heavy metal hazards than adults. It is necessary to strengthen control and governance of health risks from heavy metals.

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