洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落的护堤防蚀效应

施钦; 芦治国; 徐铭; 张锐; 华建峰; 陈昌仁

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20211126.002

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洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落的护堤防蚀效应

试验研究

- 洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落的护堤防蚀效应
- Soil Anti-erosion Effects Under Different Vegetation Types for Hongze Lake Embankment
- 水土保持通报 2022年42卷第1期页码：42-48
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,江苏,南京,210014
  2. 江苏省洪泽湖水利工程管理处,江苏,淮安,223100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  江苏省水利科技项目“洪泽湖大堤生态防护林功能提升关键技术研究与应用”(2019030)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20211126.002
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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施钦, 芦治国, 徐铭, 等. 洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落的护堤防蚀效应[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(1):42-48.

Shi Qin, Lu Zhiguo, Xu Ming, et al. Soil Anti-erosion Effects Under Different Vegetation Types for Hongze Lake Embankment[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(1): 42-48.
施钦, 芦治国, 徐铭, 等. 洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落的护堤防蚀效应[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022,42(1):42-48. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20211126.002.

Shi Qin, Lu Zhiguo, Xu Ming, et al. Soil Anti-erosion Effects Under Different Vegetation Types for Hongze Lake Embankment[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(1): 42-48. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20211126.002.

摘要

[目的] 研究洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落土壤稳定性、水土保持功能及抗冲能力，为洪泽湖大堤植物的选择及功能的提升提供科学依据。[方法] 通过称重法、重铬酸钾外加热氧化法、环刀法、湿筛法、索波列夫抗冲仪和静水崩解法测定洪泽湖大堤杨树、杨树与水杉混交林、水杉、朴树和狗牙根等不同植物群落的根系生物量、土壤有机质、容重、水稳定性团聚体、抗冲性和水稳性指数。[结果] 在所有的植物群落中，杨树的平均胸径、树高、冠幅和郁闭度均最高。随着土层深度(0—45 cm)的增加，5种植物群落的根系生物量逐渐降低，而且朴树根系生物量在各土层中均高于其他植物群落，其次为杨树和狗牙根(除第3土层外)。大多数情况下，杨树和朴树群落可以有效提高大堤3个土层的土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机质含量。此外，0—15 cm和15—30 cm土层中，杨树群落的＜0.25 mm团聚体含量，以及朴树群落的>0.25 mm团聚体含量高于其他植物群落。不同植物群落对地表土壤的护堤防蚀效应明显不同。狗牙根和杨树群落的土壤抗冲性和水稳性指数最高，其次为杨树×水杉和朴树群落，水杉群落显著低于其他群落。相关性分析表明，植物群落的护堤防蚀效应(土壤抗冲与水稳性指数)与根系生物量、土壤有机质含量、容重、总孔隙度显著正相关。[结论] 杨树、朴树和狗牙根群落土壤稳定性较高，护堤防蚀能力突出，针对目前以杨树为主的防护林，可进行合理的林相改造、加强群落配置，从而提升洪泽湖大堤防护林功能。

Abstract

[Objective] The soil stability

soil and water conservation functions

and anti-scourability of different vegetation types were assessed in order to provide a scientific basis for species selection and function improvement of the Hongze Lake embankment shelterbelt. [Methods] Root biomass

soil organic matter

soil bulk density

porosity

water-stable aggregates

anti-scouribility

and soil erosion resistance of Populus simonii var. przewalskii

Celtis sinensis

P. simonii var. przewalskii×Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Cynodon dactylon

and M. glyptostroboides were analyzed using the weight method

the potassium dichromate heating oxidation method

the ring-knife method

the wet sieving method

the Sobolev anti-rush experiment

and the hydrostatic disintegrating method

respectively. [Results] Among all of the vegetation types

P. simonii var. przewalskii was greatest in diameter at breast height

height

crown width

and canopy density. Root biomass of the five vegetation types decreased with the increasing soil depth from 0 to 45 cm

and C. sinensis had the highest values in each soil layer among the tested plants

followed by P. simonii var. przewalskii and C. dactylon (except for the third soil layer). In most cases

Populus simonii var. przewalskii and C. sinensis significantly increased soil organic matter

soil bulk density

and total porosity. Additionally

the amounts of microaggregates (＜0.25 mm) under P. simonii var. przewalskii and the amounts of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) under C. sinensis were much greater than those under other vegetation types in the 0—15 and 15—30 cm layers. The protecting effects on the embankment varied with the vegetation type. The soil under P. simonii var. przewalskii and C. dactylon was highest in soil anti-scouribility and erosion resistance

followed by those under Populus spp. and P. simonii var. przewalskii×M. glyptostroboides. The protecting effects under M. glyptostroboides were the lowest. Significantly positive relationships were observed for the effects on protecting the embankment from erosion indicated by soil anti-scouribility and erosion resistance with root biomass

soil organic matter

soil bulk density

and total porosity. [Conclusion] Therefore

soils under P. simonii var. przewalskii

C. sinensis

and C. dactylon had high stability

and thus

these vegetation types have great potential for protecting embankments from erosion. For the present shelterbelt mainly planted to P. simonii var. przewalskii

reasonable forest improvement and plant community configuration could be used as effective measures to improve the function of the Hongze Lake embankment shelterbelt.

关键词

Keywords

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