杨树防护林土壤蒸发及其影响因素

李伦; 刘海军; 高壮壮; 杨丽; 冯东雪

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.012

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杨树防护林土壤蒸发及其影响因素

试验研究

- 杨树防护林土壤蒸发及其影响因素
- Soil Evaporation and Its Influencing Factors Under Poplar Shelterbelts
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第6期页码：82-88
- 作者机构：
  
  北京师范大学水科学研究院城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京,100875
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金重点项目“低压喷灌水肥多过程运动机理与高效协同调控”（51939005）;国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0201500）;111引智基地项目（B18006）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.012
  中图分类号： S271
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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李伦, 刘海军, 高壮壮, 等. 杨树防护林土壤蒸发及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):82-88.

Li Lun, Liu Haijun, Gao Zhuangzhuang, et al. Soil Evaporation and Its Influencing Factors Under Poplar Shelterbelts[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 82-88.
李伦, 刘海军, 高壮壮, 等. 杨树防护林土壤蒸发及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):82-88. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.012.

Li Lun, Liu Haijun, Gao Zhuangzhuang, et al. Soil Evaporation and Its Influencing Factors Under Poplar Shelterbelts[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 82-88. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.012.

摘要

[目的] 研究杨树林地土壤蒸发规律，探索估算林下土壤蒸发量的方法，为林业高效用水和研究水循环规律提供理论支撑。[方法] 利用20 cm蒸发皿和微型蒸发器测量杨树林下水面和土壤蒸发量，分析气象要素与林下土壤和水面蒸发的关系。测量土面温度和蒸发皿水体温度，计算两者温度差相对值（RT），以水面蒸发量为参考计算土壤相对蒸发量（RE），分析RE与RT的关系，进而建立估算土壤蒸发量的经验公式。[结果] 太阳辐射是影响林下土壤及水面蒸发量最主要的因素，温度、相对湿度和风速等气象要素与土壤蒸发的相关性较差；随着林下土壤与水面温度差相对值RT的增大，相对蒸发量RE逐渐减小，当RT增大到约0.11后，RE趋近于常数0.164，认为此时土壤的蒸发已经进入到水汽扩散阶段。[结论] 杨树防护林下土壤相对蒸发量随土壤与水体温度差相对值的增加而逐渐减小，后趋于常数。经验证本研究提出的方法和建立的公式可较好地估算土壤蒸发，为土壤蒸发量的原位测算提供了新的手段。

Abstract

[Objective] Soil evaporation under poplar shelterbelts was investigated

and the in situ soil evaporation estimating method was developed

in order to provide support for water cycle pattern and efficient water use research in forestry.[Methods] Soil evaporation and water surface evaporation under the forest were measured by micro-lysimeters and the standard 20 cm evaporation pan. Reference water temperature in the pan and soil temperatures were also measured. Then the relative evaporation (RE)

the ratio of soil evaporation to pan evaporation

and the relative temperature difference (RT)

the ratio of temperature difference between soil and water temperature to water temperature were calculated.[Results] The solar radiation was the major factor for the evaporations of the under-forest soil and water surface. Air temperature

humidity

and wind speed have poor correlation with soil evaporation because of the low soil water content. The relationship between RE and RT could be described with a two-stage function

RE decreased with the RT increasing for RT being less than 0.11

after that the RE approached a constant of 0.164

indicating a water vapor diffusion process.[Conclusion] Under poplar shelterbelts

RE decreases gradually with the growth of RT and eventually tends to be a constant. The developed method was validated using an independent data set with relative error of less than 2%

indicating an excellent predication of soil evaporation. Therefore

this study provides a new method for the estimation of soil evaporation and the developed method can be used to estimate soil evaporation.

关键词

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