菊芋根系分泌物改良滨海盐土的微生物机制

杨敏; 李帅; 曹慧翔; 黄婷; 李媛; 谢军伟; 赵耕毛

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.011

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菊芋根系分泌物改良滨海盐土的微生物机制

试验研究

- 菊芋根系分泌物改良滨海盐土的微生物机制
- Microbial Mechanism of Helianthus Tuberosus Root Exudates for Improving Saline-alkali Soil
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第6期页码：71-81
- 作者机构：
  
  南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省海洋生物学重点实验室,江苏,南京,210095
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目“滩涂增养殖技术与生态农牧化新模式”（2019YFD090070,020YFD0900703）;国家自然科学基金中美联合项目（20191J006）;山东省重点研发计划（2019JZZY020614）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.011
  中图分类号： S156.4
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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杨敏, 李帅, 曹慧翔, 等. 菊芋根系分泌物改良滨海盐土的微生物机制[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):71-81.

Yang Min, Li Shuai, Cao Huixiang, et al. Microbial Mechanism of Helianthus Tuberosus Root Exudates for Improving Saline-alkali Soil[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 71-81.
杨敏, 李帅, 曹慧翔, 等. 菊芋根系分泌物改良滨海盐土的微生物机制[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):71-81. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.011.

Yang Min, Li Shuai, Cao Huixiang, et al. Microbial Mechanism of Helianthus Tuberosus Root Exudates for Improving Saline-alkali Soil[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 71-81. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.011.

摘要

[目的

]

探究菊芋在滨海盐土改良过程中的作用机制，分析菊芋和碱蓬根系分泌物的组分差异，明确土壤微生态环境的变化规律，进一步为盐土改良提供理论依据。[方法

]

以种植菊芋和自然碱蓬植被为样地，对菊芋和碱蓬的根系分泌物进行对比分析，研究在根系分泌物作用下土壤微生物数量，微生物量碳氮，微生物群落结构以及土壤酶活性的变化，从而系统地阐明根系分泌物介导下盐土改良的微生物机制。[结果

]

菊芋根际土壤中含有果糖（2.343×10

-3

g/kg）、葡萄糖（4.235×10

-3

g/kg）、蔗糖（2.670×10

-3

g/kg），分别是碱蓬根际土壤的9.28，1.52和2.43倍。而菊芋根际与非根际中的果糖含量存在显著性差异（p

0.05），其根际中含量为非根际的12.02倍。菊芋土壤还含有低聚果糖（蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖），而碱蓬土壤中未检测出低聚果糖。除糖类外，菊芋根系分泌物还含有烷烃、酚、醛、酯、有机酸、醇、酮、酰胺，其组分较碱蓬土壤更为复杂且某些组分为菊芋特有〔1-氯—十八烷、正十六烷酸、2-甲基-Z-4-十四碳烯、十二酮、（Z）-9-十八碳酰胺、苯丙酸十六烷基酯等〕。功能性根系分泌物（如低聚果糖、果糖、十六烷、十八烷酸等）为根际微生物提供碳源、氮源和营养元素的同时，使菊芋根际土壤中微生物数量显著增加（p

0.05），土壤微生物量碳、氮显著高于碱蓬土壤（p

0.05），其值分别是碱蓬土壤的1.95和1.6倍，且菊芋根际的微生物量碳、氮约为非根际的1.69和1.50倍，优势菌群（变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门）所占比重达到90%，土壤有益菌群（Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria）的相对丰度显著增加（p

0.05），土壤生物活性提升。此外，菊芋根际特有的分泌物（十六烷、烯醛等），抑制了病原菌的生长，优化了微生物群落结构。除过氧化氢酶外，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸活性显著提高（p

0.05），其活性分别是碱蓬土壤的1.83，1.88和3.30倍。[结论

]

种植菊芋后，通过根际分泌物介导，改善土壤微生物群落结构与功能，增加土壤酶活性，使土壤生物活力得以整体提升，与原生植被碱蓬相比，降低了土壤含盐量，起到了改良盐土的作用。

Abstract

[Objective] The mechanism of Helianthus tuberosus in the improvement of coastal saline soil was explored

the compositional differences of root exudates of Helianthus tuberosus and Suaeda salsa was analyzed

and the changing laws of the soil micro-ecological environment were clarified

in order to provide a theoretical basis for saline soil improvement.[Methods] The root exudates of Helianthus tuberosus and Suaeda salsa were compared and analyzed

and the changes of soil microbial quantity

microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen

microbial community structure and soil enzyme activity under the action of root exudates were studied

so as to systematically clarify the microbial mechanism of saline soil improvement mediated by root exudates.[Results] The rhizosphere soil of Helianthus tuberosus contained fructose (2.343×10-3 g/kg)

glucose (4.235×10-3 g/kg)

and sucrose (2.67×10-3 g/kg)

which were 9.28

1.52

2.43 times of that in Suaeda salsa rhizosphere soil. The difference between the content of fructose in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of Helianthus tuberosus was significant (p<0.05)

and the content in the rhizosphere was 12.02 times of that in the non-rhizosphere. Helianthus tuberosus soil also contained oligofructose (sucrose triose

sucrose tetraose and sucrose pentaose)

but no fructooligosaccharides were detected in the soil of Suaeda salsa. In addition to sugars

Helianthus tuberosus root exudates also contained alkanes

phenols

aldehydes

esters

organic acids

alcohols

ketones

and amides. Its components were more complex than Suaeda salsa soil and some components were unique to Helianthus tuberosus[1-Chloro-octadecane

n-hexadecanoic acid

2-methyl-Z-4-tetradecene

dodecone

(Z)-9-octadecyl amide

and hexadecyl phenylpropionate Esters.] . Functional root exudates (such as oligofructose

fructose

hexadecane

and octadecanoic acid.) provided carbon source

nitrogen source and nutrient elements for rhizosphere microorganisms. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of Helianthus tuberosus increased significantly (p<0.05)

and the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher than that in Suaeda salsa soil (p<0.05)

which were 1.95 and 1.6 times of that in Suaeda salsa soil

and the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of Jerusalem artichoke rhizosphere were about 1.69 times and 1.50 times higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. And the dominant flora (Proteobacteria

Actinomycota

Chloroflexum

Acidobacteria) accounted for 90%. The relative abundance of soil beneficial bacteria (Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria) increased significantly

and soil biological activity was significantly improved. In addition

the unique secretions of Helianthus tuberosus rhizosphere (hexadecane

and enal.) inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and optimized the microbial community structure. Except for catalase

the activities of soil urease

invertase and alkaline phosphate were significantly increased (p<0.05)

and their activities were 1.83 times

1.88 times and 3.30 times higher than those in Suaeda salsa soil

respectively.[Conclusion] After planting Jerusalem artichoke

through the mediation of rhizosphere exudates

the structure and function of soil microbial community were improved

soil enzyme activity was increased

and soil biological activity was improved as a whole. Compared with the native vegetation Suaeda salsa

it reduces the salt content of the soil and plays a role in improving saline soil.

关键词

Keywords

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