外来植物入侵对乡土植物土壤氮素及其代谢酶活性的影响

翟元杰; 梁佩芳

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.005

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外来植物入侵对乡土植物土壤氮素及其代谢酶活性的影响

试验研究

- 外来植物入侵对乡土植物土壤氮素及其代谢酶活性的影响
- Effects of Alien Plant Invasion on Soil Nitrogen and Its Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Native Plants
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第6期页码：29-33
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 河南开封科技传媒学院,河南,开封,475001
  2. 开封大学,河南,开封,475001
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  河南省高等学校重点科研项目“白屈菜红碱抗金黄色葡萄球菌作用机制研究”（21B360001）;河南大学民生学院大学生创新创业支持计划项目“开封市常见园林杂草分布调查”（MSCXCY2018033）（注：河南开封科技传媒学院原名为河南大学民生学院）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.005
  中图分类号： Q143
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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翟元杰, 梁佩芳. 外来植物入侵对乡土植物土壤氮素及其代谢酶活性的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):29-33.

Zhai Yuanjie, Liang Peifang. Effects of Alien Plant Invasion on Soil Nitrogen and Its Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Native Plants[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 29-33.
翟元杰, 梁佩芳. 外来植物入侵对乡土植物土壤氮素及其代谢酶活性的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):29-33. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.005.

Zhai Yuanjie, Liang Peifang. Effects of Alien Plant Invasion on Soil Nitrogen and Its Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Native Plants[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 29-33. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.005.

摘要

[目的] 探究外来植物入侵对乡土植物土壤氮素及其代谢酶活性的影响的微生物学机制，为中国入侵植物的有效防治和生态管理提供科学依据。[方法] 采用田间小区控制试验，通过连续5 a的观测，研究了4种外来入侵植物（独行菜、紫茎泽兰、小飞蓬和黄顶菊）和乡土植物矮牵牛（对照）土壤氮素、酶活性及微生物学特征。[结果] ①植物入侵降低了叶片、茎和根氮含量，其大小依次表现为：矮牵牛>紫茎泽兰>独行菜>黄顶菊>小飞蓬； ②植物入侵降低了土壤氮素含量（包括全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮），其大小依次表现为：矮牵牛>紫茎泽兰>独行菜>小飞蓬>黄顶菊；而土壤pH值呈相反的变化趋势，植物入侵增加了土壤pH值。③不同入侵植物土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性表现出一致的变化趋势，其中土壤蛋白酶大小依次表现为：矮牵牛>紫茎泽兰>独行菜>小飞蓬>黄顶菊，矮牵牛、紫茎泽兰、独行菜显著高于小飞蓬和黄顶菊（p<0.05），小飞蓬和黄顶菊差异不显著（p>0.05）。④不同入侵植物土壤微生物量碳和氮表现出一致的变化趋势，其中土壤微生物量碳和氮大小依次表现为：矮牵牛>紫茎泽兰>独行菜>小飞蓬>黄顶菊，矮牵牛、紫茎泽兰、独行菜显著高于小飞蓬和黄顶菊（p<0.05），土壤微生物量磷大小依次表现为：矮牵牛>紫茎泽兰>独行菜>小飞蓬>黄顶菊，不同植物差异均不显著（p>0.05）。⑤主成分分析结果表明，土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和pH值是入侵植物主要影响因子。[结论] 不同入侵植物可以改变土壤氮素形态、酶活性和微生物特征，较强的氮素同化能力与加速土壤氮素的转化可能是植物成功入侵的重要机制之一。

Abstract

[Objective] In order to provide scientific basis for effective control and ecological management of the invasive plants in China

the effects of invasive plants on soil nitrogen and metabolic enzyme activities were explored.[Methods] Field control experiments were conducted to study the soil nitrogen contents

enzyme activities and microbial characteristics of four exotic invasive plants (Lepidium apetalum

Ageratina Adenophora

Conyza canadensis

Flaveria bidentis) and native Petunia hybrida (control plant) for five consecutive years.[Results] ① Plant invasion reduced the nitrogen contents in leaves

stems and roots

which showed as follows:Petunia hybrida > Ageratina Adenophora > Lepidium apetalum > Flaveria bidentis > Conyza canadensis. ② Plant invasion reduced soil nitrogen contents (total nitrogen

mtrate nitrogen

and ammonium nitrogen)

which showed as follows:Petunia hybrida > Ageratina Adenophora > Lepidium apetalum > Conyza canadensis > Flaveria bidentis. While the soil pH value revealed an opposite trend showing that plant invasion had increased pH value. ③ The activities of soil protease

urease

and nitrate reductase of different plants showed the same trends:Petunia hybrida > Ageratina Adenophora > Lepidium apetalum > Conyza canadensis > Flaveria bidentis(p<0.05). ④ The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of different invasion plants also showed the same trend:Petunia hybrida > Ageratina Adenophora > Lepidium apetalum > Conyza canadensis > Flaveria bidentis. Ageratina Adenophora and Lepidium apetalum were significantly higher than Conyza canadensis and Flaveria bidentis (p<0.05). Soil microbial biomass phosphorus showed as:Petunia hybrida > Ageratina Adenophora > Lepidium apetalum > Conyza canadensis > Flaveria bidentis. ⑤ Principal component analysis indicated that soil nitrate nitrogen

ammonium nitrogen and pH value were the main influencing factors of invasive plants.[Conclusions] Different invasive plants could change soil nitrogen form

enzyme activities and microbial characteristics

and the stronger nitrogen assimilation ability and the accelerated soil nitrogen could be regarded as one of the important mechanisms for successful plant invasion.

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