降雨和植被覆盖对铁路路基边坡土壤侵蚀的影响

朱永杰; 王超; 刘自强

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.002

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降雨和植被覆盖对铁路路基边坡土壤侵蚀的影响

试验研究

- 降雨和植被覆盖对铁路路基边坡土壤侵蚀的影响
- Effects of Rainfall and Vegetation Cover on Soil Erosion of Railway Bed Slop
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第6期页码：8-14
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海,200335
  2. 南京林业大学,江苏,南京,210037
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  上海市水务局与上海勘测设计研究院有限公司共建项目“上海市水土保持区域评估编制技术要点”（6015212620602）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.002
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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朱永杰, 王超, 刘自强. 降雨和植被覆盖对铁路路基边坡土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):8-14.

Zhu Yongjie, Wang Chao, Liu Ziqiang. Effects of Rainfall and Vegetation Cover on Soil Erosion of Railway Bed Slop[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 8-14.
朱永杰, 王超, 刘自强. 降雨和植被覆盖对铁路路基边坡土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(6):8-14. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.002.

Zhu Yongjie, Wang Chao, Liu Ziqiang. Effects of Rainfall and Vegetation Cover on Soil Erosion of Railway Bed Slop[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(6): 8-14. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.06.002.

摘要

[目的] 探究不同植被覆盖对边坡径流泥沙的削减作用，为改善道路路基边坡的植被配置，减少公路边坡的水土流失量提供科学参考。[方法] 选取江苏省南通市境内在建的南京市—启东市铁路路基为研究对象。利用坡面观测小区，选取观测期内不同降雨强度（15，28，40，63，82 mm/h）的自然降雨条件，对3种植被覆盖（灌草坡面、植草坡面和裸坡坡面）的坡面产流与产沙进行分析，揭示植被覆盖对径流和泥沙的拦蓄作用。[结果] 降雨强度对初始产流时间影响显著（p<0.05），3种植被覆盖的初始产流时间随降雨强度的增加逐渐减少，植草坡面和草灌结合坡面相比裸坡坡面对初始产流时间的延缓作用显著。随着降雨强度的增加，3种下垫面坡面径流量均呈增大的趋势，植草和草灌结合坡面相比裸坡坡面有较好的削减坡面径流作用。试验条件下，草灌结合坡面削减率在54.20%～63.68%，植草坡面削减率在38.59%～55.37%。随着降雨强度的增加，裸露坡面所产生的泥沙量呈指数型递增，在降雨强度大于63 mm后尤为明显，由662.66 g （15 mm/h）陡增至2 002.95（82 mm/h）。植草和草灌结合坡面随降雨强度的增大产沙量增加不明显，泥沙产生量在0.9～4.9 g。[结论] 路基边坡产流产沙随着降雨强度的增大而增加，降雨对坡面产流产沙影响显著；植草坡面和草灌结合坡面相比裸坡坡面有非常明显的减少土壤侵蚀的效果。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of different vegetation cover on reducing runoff and sediment of slope were investigated

in order to provide reference for improving vegetation configuration and reducing soil and water loss of road bed slope.[Methods] The natural rainfall with different rainfall intensities (15

63 and 82 mm/h) during the observation period was selected to analyze the runoff and sediment yield on three different vegetation types

whcih located at Nanjing-Qidong railway of Nantong City of Jiangsu Province.[Results] Rainfall intensity had a significant effect on the initial runoff producing time (p<0.05). The initial runoff time of three different vegetation types was shortened with the increase of rainfall intensity

indicating the effect of rainfall intensity on the initial runoff generation time was very significant. The grass planting slope and grass irrigation combination slope could delay the initial runoff generation time effectively. Compared with bare slope

grass and grass irrigation combined slope had better effect on reducing slope runoff. Under the experimental conditions

grass irrigation combined slope reduction rate was 54.20%~63.68%

and grass vegetation slope reduction rate was 38.59%~55.37%. With the increase of rainfall intensity

the sediment yield on the exposed slope increase exponentially

especially when the rainfall intensity was more than 63 mm

the sediment of bare slope increased from 662.66 g (15 mm/h) to 2 002.95 g (82 mm/h). With the increase of rainfall intensity

the sediment yield on the slope combined with grass planting and grass irrigation did not increase significantly. Sediment yield ranged from 0.9 g to 4.9 g.[Conclusions] The runoff and sediment of railway bed slop increases with the increase of rainfall intensity

and rainfall has a significant effect on sediment yield on slope. Compared with bare slope

vegetation slope and grass-irrigated slope can reduce soil erosion significantly.

关键词

Keywords

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